{"id":1190,"date":"2016-04-06T01:49:30","date_gmt":"2016-04-06T05:49:30","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.vbatoronto.org\/zh\/?p=1190"},"modified":"2016-04-27T23:57:25","modified_gmt":"2016-04-28T03:57:25","slug":"%e5%af%a7%e7%91%aa%e6%b4%be%e8%aa%aa%e9%98%bf%e8%b3%b4%e8%80%b6","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.vbatoronto.org\/zh\/?p=1190","title":{"rendered":"\u752f\u746a\u6d3e\u8aaa\u201c\u963f\u8cf4\u8036\u201d"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: center\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">\u539f\u6587\u6536\u5165\u300a\u5927\u559c\u6a02\u8207\u5927\u5713\u6eff &#8211; \u6176\u795d\u8ac7\u932b\u6c38\u5148\u751f\u516b\u5341\u83ef\u8a95\u6f22\u85cf\u4f5b\u5b78\u7814\u7a76\u8ad6\u96c6\u300b<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">&#8211; \u694a\u6770<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><span style=\"color: #000000\"><strong>\u4e00<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\">\u7121\u8ad6\u7814\u7a76\u5370\u85cf\u4f5b\u5b78\u9084\u662f\u6f22\u85cf\u4f5b\u5b78\uff0c\u201c\u963f\u8cf4\u8036\u201d\uff08\u0101laya\uff09\u90fd\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u8ff4\u907f\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u91cd\u8981\u8a71\u984c\uff0c\u5728\u6574\u500b\u4f5b\u6559\u9ad4\u7cfb\u7684\u50b3\u627f\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u5167\u6db5\u5f9e\u6700\u521d\u7684\u7c21\u55ae\u5b9a\u7fa9\u9010\u6b65\u5f97\u5230\u6df1\u5316\u548c\u5ef6\u5c55\uff0c\u4e26\u5f15\u767c\u4e86\u6b77\u4ee3\u8ad6\u5e2b\u6301\u7e8c\u7684\u8a0e\u8ad6\u8207\u8faf\u8acd\u3002\u672c\u6587\u9996\u5148\u5c0d\u963f\u8cf4\u8036\u8b58\u5b78\u8aaa\u7684\u8d77\u6e90\u3001\u767c\u5c55\u4ee5\u53ca\u76f8\u95dc\u8a6e\u91cb\u4f5c\u7c21\u8981\u4ecb\u7d39\uff0c\u800c\u5f8c\u901a\u904e\u6574\u7406\u752f\u746a\u6d3e\u65e9\u671f\u6587\u737b\u4ee5\u53ca\u5f8c\u7e8c\u76f8\u95dc\u91cd\u8981\u4e0a\u5e2b\u7684\u95e1\u91cb\uff0c\u7cfb\u7d71\u4ecb\u7d39\u85cf\u50b3\u4f5b\u6559\u752f\u746a\u6d3e\uff08rnying ma pa\uff09\u5c0d\u963f\u8cf4\u8036\u8207\u963f\u8cf4\u8036\u8b58\uff08\u0101laya-vij\u00f1\u0101na\uff09\u7684\u5224\u5225\uff0c\u53ca\u5176\u5c0d\u963f\u8cf4\u8036\u4e4b\u4e0d\u5171\u5b89\u7acb\uff0c\u4e26\u901a\u904e\u5c0d\u7121\u754f\u6d32\uff08&#8217;Jigs med gling pa, 1730-1798\uff09\u3001\u6467\u9b54\u6d32\uff08bDud &#8216; joms gling pa, 1835-1904\uff09\u548c\u4e0d\u6557\u5c0a\u8005\uff08Mi pham rgya mtsho, 1846-1911\uff09\u76f8\u95dc\u8457\u4f5c\u7684\u6aa2\u8996\uff0c\u986f\u660e\u752f\u746a\u6d3e\u5c0d\u963f\u8cf4\u8036\u8207\u6cd5\u8eab\u7684\u8fa8\u5225\uff0c\u4e14\u5448\u73fe\u9019\u4e00\u8fa8\u5225\u5c0d\u6b62\u89c0\u5be6\u4fee\u7684\u5177\u9ad4\u610f\u7fa9\u3002\u70ba\u4fbf\u8b80\u8005\u53c3\u8003\uff0c\u7b46\u8005\u5c07\u9f8d\u9752\u5df4\uff08Klong chen rab &#8216;byams pa, 1308-1364\uff09\u4e4b\u300a\u5927\u8eca\u758f\u300b\uff08Shing rta chen po\uff09\u76f8\u95dc\u6bb5\u843d\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e0d\u6557\u5c0a\u8005\u4e4b\u300a\u76f4\u6307\u5fc3\u6027\u300b\uff08Sems ngo mdzub tshugs\uff09\u5168\u6587\u8b6f\u51fa\uff0c\u96a8\u9644\u65bc\u6587\u5f8c\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">\u4e8c<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\">\u201c\u963f\u8cf4\u8036\u201d\u4e00\u8a5e\u4f86\u6e90\u751a\u65e9\uff0c\u300a\u963f\u542b\u7d93\u300b\u7d93\u4e2d\u5373\u5df2\u51fa\u73fe\uff0c\u963f\u6bd8\u9054\u78e8\u5178\u7c4d\u4e2d\u4ea6\u52a0\u4ee5\u6cbf\u7528\uff0c\u800c\u76f4\u81f3\u745c\u4f3d\u884c\u7cfb\u5217\u7d93\u8ad6\u624d\u958b\u59cb\u4f7f\u7528\u201c\u963f\u8cf4\u8036\u8b58\u201d\u4e00\u8a5e\u3002\u95dc\u65bc\u65e9\u671f\u963f\u8cf4\u8036\u548c\u963f\u8cf4\u8036\u8b58\u5b78\u8aaa\u7684\u8d77\u6e90\u8207\u6d41\u8b8a\uff0c\u7b46\u8005\u5c07\u4f9d\u6b21\u5c31\u300a\u963f\u542b\u7d93\u300b\u3001\u90e8\u6d3e\u4f5b\u6559\u8ad6\u66f8\u548c\u745c\u4f3d\u884c\u7d93\u8ad6\u4e2d\u7684\u76f8\u95dc\u95e1\u91cb\uff0c\u7c21\u8981\u5730\u6574\u7406\u5176\u9593\u7684\u8108\u7d61\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\">1\u3001\u300a\u963f\u542b\u7d93\u300b\u4e2d\u5c0d\u963f\u8cf4\u8036\u7684\u89e3\u8aaa<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\">\u963f\u8cf4\u8036\u8b58\u6700\u65e9\u7531\u745c\u4f3d\u884c\u6d3e\u5efa\u7acb\uff0c\u4f46\u5b78\u754c\u5df2\u660e\u78ba\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\u201c\u963f\u8cf4\u8036\u201d\u4e00\u8a5e\u65e9\u5728\u963f\u542b\u6642\u4ee3\u5c31\u5df2\u51fa\u73fe\uff0c\u7121\u8457\uff08Asa\u1e47ga\uff09\u5728\u300a\u651d\u5927\u4e58\u8ad6\u300b\uff08Mah\u0101y\u0101nasa\u1e43graha\uff09\u4e2d\u66fe\u63d0\u5230<span style=\"color: #0000ff\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff\" href=\"#_ftn1\" name=\"_ftnref1\">[1]<\/a><\/span>\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\">\u5fa9\u6b21\u8072\u805e\u4e58\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ea6\u4ee5\u7570\u9580\u5bc6\u610f\u5df2\u8aaa\u963f\u8cf4\u8036\u8b58\u3002\u5982\u5f7c\u300a\u589e\u58f9\u963f\u7b08\u6469\u300b\u8aaa\uff1a\u201c\u4e16\u9593\u773e\u751f\u611b\u963f\u8cf4\u8036\uff0c\u6a02\u963f\u8cf4\u8036\uff0c\u6b23\u963f\u8cf4\u8036\uff0c\u6199\u963f\u8cf4\u8036\u3002\u70ba\u65b7\u5982\u662f\u963f\u8cf4\u8036\u6545\uff0c\u8aaa\u6b63\u6cd5\u6642\u606d\u656c\u651d\u8033\u3002\u4f4f\u6c42\u89e3\u5fc3\uff0c\u6cd5\u96a8\u6cd5\u884c\u3002\u5982\u4f86\u51fa\u4e16\u5982\u662f\u751a\u5947\uff0c\u5e0c\u6709\u6b63\u6cd5\u51fa\u73fe\u4e16\u9593\u3002\u201d\u65bc\u8072\u805e\u4e58\u300a\u5982\u4f86\u51fa\u73fe\u56db\u5fb7\u7d93\u300b\u4e2d\uff0c\u7531\u6b64\u7570\u9580\u5bc6\u610f\uff0c\u5df2\u986f\u963f\u8cf4\u8036\u8b58\u3002<span style=\"color: #0000ff\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff\" href=\"#_ftn2\" name=\"_ftnref2\">[2]<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\">\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u5f15\u6587\u4e26\u7121\u5c0d\u61c9\u6f22\u8b6f\uff0c\u5f8c\u7d93\u65e5\u672c\u5b78\u8005\u6708\u8f2a\u8ce2\u9686\u7684\u6bd4\u5c0d\u8003\u8b49\uff0c\u8a72\u5f15\u6587\u76f8\u7576\u65bc\u5df4\u5229\u4e09\u85cf\u300a\u589e\u4e00\u963f\u542b\u300b\uff08Ekottarik\u0101gama\uff09&lt;\u56db\u6cd5\u54c1&gt;\u7b2c128\u7d93<span style=\"color: #0000ff\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff\" href=\"#_ftn3\" name=\"_ftnref3\">[3]<\/a><\/span>\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u611b\u963f\u8cf4\u8036\u3001\u6a02\u963f\u8cf4\u8036\u3001\u6b23\u963f\u8cf4\u8036\u5206\u5225\u5c0d\u0101laya-\u0101r\u0101ma\u3001\u0101laya-rata\u548c\u0101laya-sa\u1e43mudita<span style=\"color: #0000ff\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff\" href=\"#_ftn4\" name=\"_ftnref4\">[4]<\/a><\/span> \u3002\u901a\u904e\u6bd4\u8f03\u6f22\u8b6f\u672c\u300a\u589e\u4e00\u963f\u542b\u300b\u5377\u5341\u4e8c&lt;\u4e09\u5bf6\u54c1&gt;\u4e2d\u6709\u95dc\u7688\u4f9d\u6cd5\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u548c\u5df4\u5229\u6587\u300a\u589e\u4e00\u963f\u542b\u300b&lt;\u56db\u6cd5\u54c1&gt;\u4e2d\u5e7e\u4e4e\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u767c\u73fe\u5df4\u5229\u6587\u200b\u200b\u4e2d\u7684\u201c\u89e3\u812b\u50b2\u6162\u3001\u6b62\u606f\u6e34\u611b\u3001\u9060\u96e2\u963f\u8cf4\u8036\u3001\u622a\u65b7\u8f2a\u8ff4\u3001\u6d88\u6ec5\u611b\u8457\u201d\uff0c\u5c0d\u61c9\u6f22\u8b6f\u7686\u651d\u5728\u201c\u7121\u67d3\u201d\u4e00\u9805\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ef\u77e5\u963f\u8cf4\u8036\u8207\u50b2\u6162\u3001\u611b\u8457\u7b49\u540c\u5c6c\u65bc\u906e\u6b62\u3001\u820d\u96e2\u7684\u5c0d\u8c61\u3002 \u0101laya\u4e00\u8a5e\u7531\u52d5\u8a5e\u8a5e\u6839l\u012b\u548c\u8868\u201c\u9760\u8fd1\u3001\u8da8\u8fd1\u201d\u7684\u524d\u7db4\u0101\u7d44\u6210\uff0c\u518d\u7d93\u540d\u8a5e\u5316\u800c\u6210\u0101laya\uff0c\u53c3\u8003\u300aPali-English Dictionary\u300b\uff0c\u8a72\u8a5e\u5177\u4e8c\u7fa9\uff0c\u672c\u7fa9\u70ba\u201c\u68f2\u606f\u8655\u3001\u9ce5\u5de2\u3001\u4f4f\u5c45\u3001\u623f\u5c4b\u201d\uff0c\u5f15\u7533\u7fa9\u70ba\u201c\u57f7\u8457\u3001\u617e\u671b\u201d\uff0c\u9673\u4e00\u6a19\u65bc\u5176\u300a\u6709\u95dc\u963f\u8cf4\u8036\u8b58\u8a9e\u7fa9\u7684\u8b8a\u9077\u300b\u4e00\u6587\u4e2d\u901a\u904e\u6bd4\u7167\u300a\u4e2d\u963f\u542b\u300b\u53ca\u300a\u9577\u963f\u542b\u300b\u76f8\u95dc\u7d93\u5178\uff0c\u6307\u51fa\u300a\u963f\u542b\u7d93\u300b\u4e2d\u51fa\u73fe\u7684\u963f\u8cf4\u8036\u5927\u591a\u91c7\u7528\u7684\u662f\u4e0a\u8ff0\u4e4b\u5f15\u7533\u7fa9\uff0c\u4ea6\u5373\u57f7\u8457\u3001\u611b\u8457\u4e4b\u610f<span style=\"color: #0000ff\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff\" href=\"#_ftn5\" name=\"_ftnref5\">[5]<\/a><\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\">2\u3001\u90e8\u6d3e\u4f5b\u6559\u5c0d\u963f\u8cf4\u8036\u7684\u89e3\u8aaa<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\">\u90e8\u6d3e\u4f5b\u6559\u7d93\u5178\u4e26\u4e0d\u91cd\u963f\u8cf4\u8036\uff0c\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u8ad6\u8ff0\u53ef\u898b\u65bc\u300a\u5927\u6bd8\u5a46\u6c99\u8ad6\u300b\uff08Abhidharma-mah\u0101vibh\u0101\u1e63\u0101-\u015b\u0101stra\uff09\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\">\u4e91\u4f55\u7121\u70ba\u963f\u7f85\u6f22\u679c\uff1f\u8b02\u8caa\u778b\u75f4\u6c38\u65b7\uff0c\u53ca\u4e00\u5207\u7169\u60f1\u6c38\u65b7\uff1b\u8d8a\u4e00\u5207\u8da3\uff0c\u65b7\u4e00\u5207\u8def\uff0c\u6ec5\u4e09\u7a2e\u706b\uff0c\u6e21\u56db\u7011\u6d41\uff0c\u6467\u8af8\u50b2\u6162\uff0c\u96e2\u8af8\u6e34\u611b\uff0c\u7834\u963f\u8cf4\u8036\uff1b\u7121\u4e0a\u7a76\u7adf\uff0c\u7121\u4e0a\u5bc2\u975c\uff0c\u7121\u4e0a\u5b89\u6a02\u53ca\u8af8\u611b\u76e1\u96e2\u6ec5\u6d85\u69c3\uff0c\u662f\u540d\u7121\u70ba\u963f\u7f85\u6f22\u679c\u3002<span style=\"color: #0000ff\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff\" href=\"#_ftn6\" name=\"_ftnref6\">[6]<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\">\u82e5\u6cd5\u70ba\u6b32\u754c\u963f\u8cf4\u8036\u6240\u85cf\uff0c\u6469\u6469\u7570\u591a\u6240\u57f7\uff0c\u540d\u6b32\u754c\u7cfb\uff1b\u70ba\u8272\u3001\u7121\u8272\u754c\u963f\u8cf4\u8036\u6240\u85cf\uff0c\u6469\u6469\u7570\u591a\u6240\u57f7\uff0c\u540d\u8272\u3001\u7121\u8272\u754c\u7cfb\u3002\u963f\u8cf4\u8036\u8005\u8b02\u611b\uff0c\u6469\u6469\u7570\u591a\u8005\u8b02\u898b\u3002<span style=\"color: #0000ff\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff\" href=\"#_ftn7\" name=\"_ftnref7\">[7]<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\">\u7b2c\u4e00\u6bb5\u4e2d\uff0c\u963f\u8cf4\u8036\u8207\u4e00\u5207\u8da3\u3001\u4e00\u5207\u8def\u3001\u4e09\u7a2e\u706b<span style=\"color: #0000ff\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff\" href=\"#_ftn8\" name=\"_ftnref8\">[8]<\/a><\/span> \u3001\u56db\u7011\u6d41<span style=\"color: #0000ff\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff\" href=\"#_ftn9\" name=\"_ftnref9\">[9]<\/a><\/span> \u3001\u50b2\u6162\u3001\u6e34\u611b\u4e26\u8209\uff0c\u5176\u7fa9\u8207\u300a\u963f\u542b\u7d93\u300b\u4e2d\u4e4b\u963f\u8cf4\u8036\u4e26\u7121\u5927\u7570\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6bb5\u4e2d\uff0c\u963f\u8cf4\u8036\u8207\u6469\u6469\u7570\u591a\u4e26\u8209\uff0c\u963f\u8cf4\u8036\u70ba\u611b\uff0c\u6469\u6469\u7570\u591a\u70ba\u898b\uff0c\u821f\u6a4b\u5c1a\u54c9\u8a8d\u70ba\u6469\u6469\u7570\u591a\uff08mam\u0101yita\uff09\u662f\u201c\u5c07\uff08\u67d0\u7269\uff09\u57f7\u8457\u70ba\u6211\u6240\u8005\u201d\uff0c\u6545\u800c\u963f\u8cf4\u8036\u5074\u91cd\u65bc\u611b\u57f7\uff0c\u6469\u6469\u7570\u591a\u5074\u91cd\u65bc\u6211\u6240\u898b\u3002\u9673\u4e00\u6a19\u5728\u300a\u4ff1\u820d\u8ad6\u300b\uff08Abhidharma-ko\u015ba\uff09\u3001\u300a\u9806\u6b63\u7406\u8ad6\u300b\uff08Abhidharma-Ny\u0101y\u0101nus\u0101ra\uff09\u3001\u300a\u986f\u5b97\u8ad6\u300b\uff08Abhidharma-ko\u015ba-samaya-prad\u012bpik\u0101\uff09\u4e2d\u767c\u73fe\u4e00\u6bb5\u5e7e\u4e4e\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u6587\u5b57\uff0c\u5f7c\u6b64\u7a0d\u6709\u51fa\u5165\uff0c\u4f9d\u300a\u4ff1\u820d\u8ad6\u300b\u5247\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\">\u8af8\u6240\u6709\u8272\uff0c\u975e\u6c5d\u773c\u898b\uff0c\u975e\u6c5d\u66fe\u898b\uff0c\u975e\u6c5d\u7576\u898b\uff0c\u975e\u5e0c\u6c42\u898b\u3002\u6c5d\u70ba\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u8d77\u6b32\uff0c\u8d77\u8caa\uff0c\u8d77\u89aa\uff0c\u8d77\u611b\uff0c\u8d77\u963f\u8cf4\u8036\uff0c\u8d77\u5c3c\u5ef6\u5e95\uff0c\u8d77\u803d\u8457\u4e0d\uff1f\u4e0d\u723e\uff0c\u5927\u5fb7\uff01<span style=\"color: #0000ff\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff\" href=\"#_ftn10\" name=\"_ftnref10\">[10]<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\">\u7531\u6b64\u53ef\u898b\uff0c\u90e8\u6d3e\u4f5b\u6559\u8ad6\u5178\u4e2d\u7684\u963f\u8cf4\u8036\u4ecd\u4e0d\u51fa\u300a\u963f\u542b\u7d93\u300b\u4e2d\u5448\u73fe\u7684\u610f\u5473\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\">3\u3001\u745c\u4f3d\u884c\uff08Yog\u0101c\u0101ra\uff09\u5c0d\u963f\u8cf4\u8036\u8b58\u7684\u95e1\u91cb<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\">\u963f\u542b\u53ca\u90e8\u6d3e\u4f5b\u6559\u6642\u4ee3\uff0c\u963f\u8cf4\u8036\u4e26\u975e\u8457\u91cd\u8a0e\u8ad6\u7684\u5c0d\u8c61\uff0c\u81f3\u745c\u4f3d\u884c\u7cfb\u5217\u7d93\u5178\u51fa\u73fe\u5f8c\uff0c\u963f\u8cf4\u8036\u8b58\u5f97\u4ee5\u6210\u7acb\uff0c\u9019\u4e00\u6210\u7acb\u6df1\u5316\u4e26\u5ef6\u5c55\u4e86\u5176\u8a9e\u6e90\u6240\u539f\u6709\u7684\u5167\u6db5\uff0c\u4e14\u70ba\u5176\u626e\u6f14\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u8ce6\u4e88\u4e86\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u3002\u95dc\u65bc\u745c\u4f3d\u884c\u6210\u7acb\u963f\u8cf4\u8036\u8b58\u7684\u56e0\u7531\uff0c\u5b78\u754c\u666e\u904d\u8a8d\u70ba\u662f\u70ba\u4e86\u4f7f\u7a2e\u5b50\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u5b89\u7acb\u7684\u8655\u6240\uff0c\u4e26\u89e3\u6c7a\u90e8\u6d3e\u4f5b\u6559\u95dc\u65bc\u8f2a\u8ff4\u4e3b\u9ad4\u4e4b\u722d\u8b70 <a style=\"color: #000000\" href=\"#_ftn11\" name=\"_ftnref11\">[11]<\/a>\u3002\u745c\u4f3d\u884c\u5c0d\u963f\u8cf4\u8036\u8b58\u7684\u8a6e\u91cb\u4e3b\u8981\u6709\u4e09\u5927\u50b3\u7d71\uff0c\u4e0b\u9762\u9010\u4e00\u7c21\u8ff0\u4e4b\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\">\uff08a\uff09\u300a\u89e3\u6df1\u5bc6\u7d93\u300b\uff08Sa\u1e43dhinirmocana-s\u016btra\uff09\u4e2d\u7684\u8a6e\u91cb<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\">\u300a\u89e3\u6df1\u5bc6\u7d93\u300b\u4e2d\u5c0d\u963f\u8cf4\u8036\u7684\u89e3\u8aaa\u4e3b\u8981\u9ad4\u73fe\u65bc\u201c\u5fc3\u610f\u8b58\u76f8\u54c1\u201d\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6709\u8a00\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\">\u65bc\u516d\u8da3\u751f\u6b7b\u5f7c\u5f7c\u6709\u60c5\u773e\u4e2d\uff0c\u6216\u5728\u5375\u751f\uff0c\u6216\u5728\u80ce\u751f\uff0c\u6216\u5728\u6fd5\u751f\uff0c\u6216\u5728\u5316\u751f\uff0c\u8eab\u5206\u751f\u8d77\u3002\u65bc\u4e2d\uff0c\u6700\u521d\u4e00\u5207\u7a2e\u5b50\u5fc3\u8b58\u6210\u719f\uff0c\u5c55\u8f49\u548c\u5408\uff0c\u589e\u9577\u5ee3\u5927\u3002\u4f9d\u4e8c\u57f7\u53d7\uff1a\u4e00\u8005\uff0c\u6709\u8272\u8af8\u6839\u53ca\u6240\u4f9d\u57f7\u53d7\uff1b\u4e8c\uff0c\u76f8\u3001\u540d\u3001\u5206\u5225\u8a00\u8aaa\u6232\u8ad6\u7fd2\u6c23\u57f7\u53d7\u2026\u2026\u5ee3\u6167\uff01\u6b64\u8b58\u4ea6\u540d\u963f\u9640\u90a3\u8b58\uff0c\u4f55\u4ee5\u6545\uff1f\u7531\u6b64\u8b58\u65bc\u8eab\u96a8\u9010\u3001\u57f7\u6301\u6545\u3002\u4ea6\u540d\u963f\u8cf4\u8036\u8b58\uff0c\u4f55\u4ee5\u6545\uff1f\u7531\u6b64\u8b58\u65bc\u8eab\u651d\u53d7\u3001\u96b1\u85cf\uff0c\u540c\u5b89\u5371\u7fa9\u6545\u3002\u4ea6\u540d\u70ba\u5fc3\uff0c\u4f55\u4ee5\u6545\uff1f\u7531\u6b64\u8b58\uff0c\u8272\u3001\u8072\u3001\u9999\u3001\u5473\u3001\u89f8\u7b49\u7a4d\u96c6\u6ecb\u9577\u6545\u3002<span style=\"color: #0000ff\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff\" href=\"#_ftn12\" name=\"_ftnref12\">[12]<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\">\u7d93\u4e2d\u5c07\u963f\u9640\u90a3\u8b58\u3001\u963f\u8cf4\u8036\u8b58\u3001\u5fc3\u8996\u70ba\u4e00\u5207\u7a2e\u5b50\u5fc3\u8b58\u7684\u6cd5\u7570\u9580\uff0c\u85c9\u6b64\u958b\u986f\u5176\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5c64\u9762\u7684\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u6b64\u4e2d\u201c\u4e00\u5207\u7a2e\u5b50\u5fc3\u8b58\u201d\u627f\u7e7c\u4e86\u7d93\u91cf\u90e8\u7684\u7a2e\u5b50\u5b78\u8aaa\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u540c\u610f\u7d93\u91cf\u90e8\u8272\u5fc3\u4e92\u718f\u4e4b\u8aaa\uff0c\u201c\u963f\u9640\u90a3\u8b58\u201d\u5074\u91cd\u65bc\u5176\u57f7\u6301\u8eab\u3001\u4ee4\u8eab\u7dad\u6301\u4e0d\u58de\u7684\u751f\u547d\u529b\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u201c\u963f\u8cf4\u8036\u8b58\u201d\u5247\u5074\u91cd\u65bc\u651d\u53d7\u3001\u96b1\u85cf\u7fa9\uff0c\u4ea6\u5373\u4f4f\u85cf\u65bc\u8eab\u5167\uff0c\u8207\u8eab\u5b89\u5371\u5171\u5b58\uff0c\u9019\u5df2\u4e0d\u540c\u65bc\u65e9\u671f\u963f\u8cf4\u8036\u5b9a\u7fa9\u4e2d\u611b\u8457\u3001\u57f7\u8457\u4e4b\u7fa9\u3002\u52dd\u5442\u4fe1\u975c\u7e3d\u7d50\u8aaa\u6b64\u4e2d\u7684\u963f\u8cf4\u8036\u8b58\u662f\u201c\u9644\u8457\u5728\u8089\u9ad4\u4e0a\u7684\u8b58\u201d<span style=\"color: #0000ff\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff\" href=\"#_ftn13\" name=\"_ftnref13\">[13]<\/a><\/span> \uff0cSchmithausen\u4e5f\u5927\u81f4\u63a5\u53d7\u4e86\u9019\u4e00\u89c0\u9ede\uff0c\u4ed6\u7559\u610f\u5230\u963f\u8cf4\u8036\u8b58\u5177\u57f7\u6301\u8f49\u8b58\u7a2e\u5b50\u7684\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u4f46\u4e26\u4e0d\u8a8d\u70ba\u4e00\u5207\u7a2e\u5b50\u8b58\u662f\u963f\u8cf4\u8036\u8b58\u7684\u6e90\u982d\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\">\uff08b\uff09\u300a\u651d\u5927\u4e58\u8ad6\u300b\u4e2d\u7684\u8a6e\u91cb<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\">\u5728\u300a\u651d\u5927\u4e58\u8ad6\u300b\u4e2d\uff0c\u963f\u8cf4\u8036\u8b58\u7684\u542b\u7fa9\u5df2\u504f\u96e2\u300a\u89e3\u6df1\u5bc6\u7d93\u300b\u4e2d\u201c\u96b1\u85cf\u65bc\u8eab\u5167\u201d\u7684\u610f\u5473\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u50c5\u662f\u524d\u516d\u8b58\u4e4b\u6240\u4f9d\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e00\u5207\u5fc3\u6240\u4e43\u81f3\u65bc\u8272\u6cd5\u4e4b\u6240\u4f9d\u3002\u8a72\u8ad6\u62ac\u9ad8\u4e86\u963f\u8cf4\u8036\u8b58\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u4f7f\u4e4b\u6210\u70ba\u201c\u8207\u8af8\u6cd5\u76f8\u4e92\u5167\u85cf\u201d\u7684\u8b58\uff0c\u80fd\u651d\u6301\u4e00\u5207\u7a2e\u5b50\u76f8\u61c9\u3002 \u300a\u89e3\u6df1\u5bc6\u7d93\u300b\u4e2d\u963f\u9640\u90a3\u8b58\u57f7\u6301\u8eab\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u5728\u672c\u8ad6\u4e2d\u5df2\u6709\u90e8\u5206\u8f49\u5283\u6b78\u963f\u8cf4\u8036\u8b58\uff0c\u4ea6\u5373\u5c07\u651d\u6301\u7a2e\u5b50\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u6b78\u65bc\u963f\u8cf4\u8036\u8b58\uff0c\u800c\u963f\u9640\u90a3\u8b58\u5247\u8207\u6709\u8272\u8af8\u6839\u540c\u5b89\u5371\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\">\uff08c\uff09\u300a\u6210\u552f\u8b58\u8ad6\u300b\u4e00\u7cfb\u7684\u8a6e\u91cb<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\">\u300a\u6210\u552f\u8b58\u8ad6\u300b\u5c0d\u963f\u8cf4\u8036\u7684\u5b9a\u7fa9\u70ba\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\">\u521d\u80fd\u8b8a\u8b58\uff0c\u5927\u5c0f\u4e58\u6559\uff0c\u540d\u963f\u8cf4\u8036\u3002\u6b64\u8b58\u5177\u6709\u80fd\u85cf\u3001\u6240\u85cf\u3001\u57f7\u85cf\u7fa9\u6545\uff1b\u8b02\u8207\u96dc\u67d3\u4e92\u70ba\u7de3\u6545\uff0c\u6709\u60c5\u57f7\u70ba\u81ea\u5167\u6211\u6545\u3002<span style=\"color: #0000ff\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff\" href=\"#_ftn14\" name=\"_ftnref14\">[14]<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\">\u300a\u89e3\u6df1\u5bc6\u7d93\u300b\u8207\u300a\u651d\u5927\u4e58\u8ad6\u300b\u6240\u95dc\u5fc3\u7684\u662f\u963f\u8cf4\u8036\u8b58\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u5b9a\u7fa9\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u963f\u8cf4\u8036\u8b58\u4f5c\u70ba\u8b58\u6240\u626e\u6f14\u7684\u89d2\u8272\uff0c\u800c\u300a\u6210\u552f\u8b58\u8ad6\u300b\u5247\u4ee5\u5341\u9580\u4f86\u8aaa\u963f\u8cf4\u8036\u8b58\u4f5c\u70ba\u8b58\u7684\u7279\u5fb5\uff0c\u963f\u8cf4\u8036\u8b58\u5177\u5099\u8b58\u7684\u201c\u4e86\u5225\u201d\u8207\u201c\u80fd\u7de3\u201d\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u5176\u6240\u7de3\u5373\u7a2e\u5b50\u8207\u6839\u8eab\u4ee5\u53ca\u5916\u5668\u4e16\u9593\u3002 \u300a\u6210\u552f\u8b58\u8ad6\u300b\u5c07\u4e00\u7a2e\u4e03\u73fe\u5c55\u70ba\u516b\u8b58\u73fe\u884c\uff0c\u4e26\u5c0d\u7a2e\u5b50\u963f\u8cf4\u8036\u8207\u73fe\u884c\u963f\u8cf4\u8036\u505a\u51fa\u56b4\u683c\u5224\u5225\uff0c\u8a72\u7cfb\u7684\u8a6e\u91cb\u96d6\u5c0d\u7406\u89e3\u963f\u8cf4\u8036\u8b58\u4f5c\u70ba\u8b58\u7684\u7279\u6027\u6709\u5e6b\u52a9\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u6574\u9ad4\u537b\u9677\u5165\u7e41\u7463\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u5708\u5751\uff0c\u96e3\u514d\u5931\u53bb\u745c\u4f3d\u884c\u53e4\u5b78\u6210\u7acb\u963f\u8cf4\u8036\u8b58\u4e4b\u672c\u61f7\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">\u4e09<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">\u4e0a\u4f86\u5c0d\u963f\u8cf4\u8036\u7684\u8a9e\u6e90\u53ca\u963f\u8cf4\u8036\u8b58\u5b78\u8aaa\u7684\u767c\u5c55\u8108\u7d61\u4f5c\u4e86\u7c21\u55ae\u7684\u68b3\u7406\uff0c\u81f3\u65bc\u5176\u9593\u6df1\u5165\u7d30\u5fae\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u5dee\u7570\uff0c\u5247\u727d\u6d89\u554f\u984c\u751a\u5ee3\uff0c\u4e2d\u5916\u5b78\u8005\u5df2\u591a\u6709\u8a0e\u8ad6\uff0c\u7136\u6b64\u975e\u672c\u6587\u8a0e\u8ad6\u4e4b\u91cd\u9ede\uff0c\u6545\u4e0d\u4e88\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u62d3\u5c55\u3002\u7d9c\u89c0\u6f22\u571f\u5b78\u754c\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u767c\u73fe\u5176\u5c0d\u85cf\u50b3\u4f5b\u6559\u4e2d\u6709\u95dc\u963f\u8cf4\u8036\u8207\u963f\u8cf4\u8036\u8b58\u7684\u8a0e\u8ad6\u9bae\u6709\u9867\u53ca<span style=\"color: #0000ff\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff\" href=\"#_ftn15\" name=\"_ftnref15\">[15]<\/a><\/span>\uff0c\u9019\u5c0d\u65bc\u5168\u9762\u4e86\u89e3\u6f22\u85cf\u5169\u7cfb\u4f5b\u6559\u5c0d\u5370\u5ea6\u963f\u8cf4\u8036\u8b58\u5b78\u8aaa\u7684\u627f\u7e7c\u548c\u767c\u5c55\u9020\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u5b9a\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u969c\u7919\u3002\u85cf\u50b3\u4f5b\u6559\u5728\u8a72\u554f\u984c\u4e0a\u975e\u552f\u803d\u65bc\u540d\u76f8\u4e0a\u7684\u7cfe\u7e8f\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4ee4\u5176\u898b\u5730\u7684\u7c21\u5225\u8207\u5be6\u969b\u7684\u4fee\u6301\u7dca\u5bc6\u914d\u5408\uff0c\u7e31\u7136\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e9b\u6d3e\u5225\u6709\u63d0\u51fa\u4e0d\u5171\u7684\u5b89\u7acb\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u662f\u8207\u5176\u81ea\u5b97\u7684\u4fee\u7fd2\u7406\u8da3\u56b4\u683c\u5c0d\u61c9\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u5c07\u4ee5\u752f\u746a\u6d3e\u7684\u8a6e\u91cb\u70ba\u6838\u5fc3\uff0c\u7cfb\u7d71\u4ecb\u7d39\u5176\u963f\u8cf4\u8036\u5b78\u8aaa\u7684\u7279\u8cea\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\">1\u3001\u963f\u8cf4\u8036\u8207\u963f\u8cf4\u8036\u8b58<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\">\u5728\u6f22\u50b3\u4f5b\u6559\u50b3\u7d71\u4e2d\uff0c\u201c\u963f\u8cf4\u8036\u201d\u5e38\u4f5c\u70ba\u201c\u963f\u8cf4\u8036\u8b58\u201d\u7684\u7e2e\u7565\u5f62\u5f0f\u51fa\u73fe\uff0c\u4e8c\u8005\u53ef\u4e92\u76f8\u66ff\u4ee3\uff0c\u85cf\u50b3\u4f5b\u6559\u4e2d\u4e5f\u540c\u6a23\u5b58\u5728\u9019\u4e00\u73fe\u8c61\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u65e9\u671f\u7684\u5b97\u7fa9\u66f8\u4e2d\u5c0d\u6b64\u5373\u6709\u660e\u78ba\u7684\u8aaa\u660e<span style=\"color: #0000ff\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff\" href=\"#_ftn16\" name=\"_ftnref16\">[16]<\/a><\/span>\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u81ea\u516b\u4e16\u7d00\u8d77\uff0c\u7570\u65bc\u50b3\u7d71\u745c\u4f3d\u884c\u5b9a\u7fa9\u7684\u963f\u8cf4\u8036\u958b\u59cb\u5728\u85cf\u65cf\u5404\u6d3e\u8ad6\u5e2b\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u4e2d\u51fa\u73fe\u3002\u5c31\u752f\u746a\u6d3e\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u4e5d\u4e16\u7d00\u7684\u52aa\u4f5b\u667a\uff08gNubs chen sangs rgyas ye shes\uff09\u65bc\u5176\u300a\u79aa\u5b9a\u76ee\u70ac\u300b\uff08bSam gtan mig sgron\uff09\u4e2d\u66fe\u63d0\u51fa\u201c\u963f\u8cf4\u8036\u83e9\u63d0\u5fc3\u201d\uff08kun gzhi byang chub kyi sems \uff09 <a style=\"color: #000000\" href=\"#_ftn17\" name=\"_ftnref17\">[17]<\/a>\uff0c\u6b64\u4e2d\u963f\u8cf4\u8036\u548c\u83e9\u63d0\u5fc3\u4f5c\u70ba\u540c\u4f4d\u8a9e\uff0c\u5176\u7fa9\u5be6\u540c\u65bc\u672c\u59cb\u57fa\uff08gdod ma&#8217;i gzhi\uff09<span style=\"color: #0000ff\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff\" href=\"#_ftn18\" name=\"_ftnref18\">[18]<\/a> <\/span>\uff1b\u5341\u4e00\u4e16\u7d00\u7684\u7d68\u5b8b\u6cd5\u8ce2\uff08Rong zom chos kyi bzang po\uff09\u6240\u9020\u300a\u5165\u5927\u4e58\u8ad6\u300b \uff08Theg pa chen po&#8217;i tshul la &#8216;jug pa\uff09\u4e2d\u6307\u51fa\u4e0b\u4e58\uff08theg pa &#8216;og ma\uff09<span style=\"color: #0000ff\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff\" href=\"#_ftn19\" name=\"_ftnref19\">[19]<\/a> <\/span>\u4ee5\u963f\u8cf4\u8036\u70ba\u6709\u6f0f\u6cd5\u8207\u7121\u6f0f\u6cd5\u6240\u4f9d\uff0c\u4e0a\u4e58\uff08theg pa gong ma\uff09 <span style=\"color: #0000ff\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff\" href=\"#_ftn20\" name=\"_ftnref20\">[20]<\/a><\/span>\u5247\u4ee5\u963f\u8cf4\u8036\u70ba\u83e9\u63d0\u5fc3<span style=\"color: #0000ff\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff\" href=\"#_ftn21\" name=\"_ftnref21\">[21]<\/a><\/span>\u3002\u7531\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5df2\u4e0d\u80fd\u5728\u4e0d\u660e\u5176\u5177\u9ad4\u8a9e\u5883\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\uff0c\u5c07\u963f\u8cf4\u8036\u7c21\u55ae\u5730\u7b49\u540c\u65bc\u963f\u8cf4\u8036\u8b58\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\">\u6642\u81f3\u5341\u56db\u4e16\u7d00\uff0c\u9f8d\u9752\u5df4\u5c0a\u8005\u66f4\u662f\u5c07\u963f\u8cf4\u8036\u8207\u963f\u8cf4\u8036\u8b58\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u660e\u6717\u5316<span style=\"color: #0000ff\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff\" href=\"#_ftn22\" name=\"_ftnref22\">[22]<\/a><\/span>\uff0c\u5176\u300a\u5927\u5713\u6eff\u5fc3\u6027\u4f11\u606f\u5927\u8eca\u758f\u300b\uff08rDzogs pa chen po sems nyid ngal gso&#8217;i &#8216;grel pa shing rta chen po\uff09\u4e2d\u958b\u793a\u8b58\u4e4b\u5206\u4f4d\uff08shes ba&#8217;i gnas skabs bstan pa\uff09\u6642\uff0c\u6709\u89e3\u8aaa\u5982\u4e0b\uff08\u4f9d\u62d9\u8b6f\uff0c\u4e0b\u540c\uff09\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\">\u5982\u662f\uff0c\u65bc\u8af8\u5883\u7686\u4e0d\u8d77\u5206\u5225\uff0c\u60a0\u7136\u800c\u5c08\u8a3b\u4e00\u7de3\u8005\u5373\u963f\u8cf4\u8036\u4e4b\u5206\u4f4d\uff1b\u4e86\u4e86\u7167\u898b\u986f\u73fe\u5883\uff0c\u5766\u7136\u800c\u7121\u6709\u5206\u5225\u8005\uff0c\u5373\u963f\u8cf4\u8036\u8b58\u4e4b\u5206\u4f4d\uff1b\u723e\u6642\uff0c\u5225\u5225\u660e\u73fe\u8af8\u5883\uff0c\u4e14\u89ba\u77e5\u5176\u884c\u76f8\u8005\uff0c\u5373\u4e94\u9580\u8b58\uff08\u4e4b\u5206\u4f4d\uff09\uff1b\u65bc\u7b2c\u4e00\u524e\u90a3\u5373\u986f\u73fe\u6240\u53d6\u5883\u8005\u70ba\u610f\u8b58\u4e4b\u5206\u4f4d\uff0c\u65bc\u7b2c\u4e8c\u524e\u90a3\u96dc\u8af8\u7169\u60f1\u800c\u4f5c\u4f3a\u5bdf\u8005\u70ba\u672b\u90a3\u8b58\u4e4b\u5206\u4f4d\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e0a\u70ba\u4e03\u8b58\u805a\u3002 \u300a\u83e9\u85a9\u5730\u300b\uff08Byang chub sems dpa&#8217;i sa\uff09\u6709\u4e91<span style=\"color: #0000ff\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff\" href=\"#_ftn23\" name=\"_ftnref23\">[23]<\/a><\/span>\uff1a\u201c\u8207\u5916\u5883\u7121\u95dc\u806f\u4e14\u4e0d\u8d77\u5206\u5225\u8005\u70ba\u963f\u8cf4\u8036\u4e4b\u5206\u4f4d\uff1b\u8207\u5916\u5883\u76f8\u95dc\u806f\u4e14\u4e0d\u8d77\u5206\u5225\u8005\u70ba\u963f\u8cf4\u8036\u8b58\u4e4b\u5206\u4f4d\uff1b\u5225\u5225\u89ba\u77e5\u5916\u5883\u4e4b\u884c\u76f8\u8005\u70ba\u4e94\u9580\u8b58\u4e4b\u5206\u4f4d\uff1b\u9996\u5148\u5206\u5225\u5916\u5883\u8005\u70ba\u610f\u8b58\u4e4b\u5206\u4f4d\uff0c\u96a8\u5f8c\u5c0d\u5176\u4f5c\u4f3a\u5bdf\u8005\u70ba\u672b\u90a3\u8b58\u4e4b\u5206\u4f4d\uff0c\u7531\u662f\u800c\u751f\u80fd\u6240\u4e8c\u53d6\u201d\u3002<span style=\"color: #0000ff\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff\" href=\"#_ftn24\" name=\"_ftnref24\">[24]<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\">\u9f8d\u9752\u5df4\u5fa9\u4ee5\u8b6c\u55bb\u8aaa\u660e\u4e8c\u8005\u95dc\u4fc2\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c07\u963f\u8cf4\u8036\u55bb\u70ba\u93e1\u5b50\uff0c\u5c07\u963f\u8cf4\u8036\u8b58\u55bb\u70ba\u93e1\u5b50\u4e4b\u6f84\u660e\u5206\uff08dwangs gsal\uff09<span style=\"color: #0000ff\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff\" href=\"#_ftn25\" name=\"_ftnref25\">[25]<\/a> <\/span>\uff0c\u963f\u8cf4\u8036\u8b58\u7336\u5982\u963f\u8cf4\u8036\u767c\u51fa\u4e4b\u8f1d\u5149<span style=\"color: #0000ff\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff\" href=\"#_ftn26\" name=\"_ftnref26\">[26]<\/a><\/span>\uff0c\u4e8c\u8005\u96d6\u540c\u8655\u7121\u5206\u5225\u4e4b\u5206\u4f4d\uff0c\u4f46\u524d\u8005\u8207\u5916\u5883\u7121\u95dc\u806f\uff0c\u800c\u5f8c\u8005\u5247\u80fd\u4e86\u7136\u5448\u73fe\u5916\u5883\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5728\u696d\u529b\u7a4d\u805a\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e8c\u8005\u626e\u6f14\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u4ea6\u4e0d\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u300a\u5927\u8eca\u758f\u300b\u5c0d\u6b64\u89e3\u8aaa\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\">\u7a4d\u696d\u4e4b\u9580\u70ba\u610f\u6839\u8207\u4e94\u6839\u9580\uff0c\u80fd\u7a4d\u8005\u70ba\u67d3\u6c61\u610f\u3001\u601d\u5584\u610f\uff08dge bar sems pa\u2019i yid\uff09\u3001\u4e2d\u6027\u610f\uff08yid shes bar ma\uff09\uff0c\u7a4d\u65bc\u4f55\u8005\u4e4b\u4e0a\u8036\uff1f \u2014\u2014\u7a4d\u65bc\u963f\u8cf4\u8036\u4e0a\u4e5f\uff0c\u800c\u4fc3\u6210\u5f7c\u7b49\u4e4b\u589e\u52a0\u3001\u7a4d\u7d2f\u3001\u6e1b\u5c11\u8005\u70ba\u5247\u963f\u8cf4\u8036\u8b58\u3002<span style=\"color: #0000ff\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff\" href=\"#_ftn27\" name=\"_ftnref27\">[27]<\/a><\/span><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000\"> David Germano\u548cWilliam Waldron\u65bc2006\u5e74\u66fe\u767c\u8868\u300a\u745c\u4f3d\u884c\u8207\u5927\u5713\u6eff\u4e2d\u963f\u8cf4\u8036\u8b58\u4e4b\u6bd4\u8f03\u300b\uff08A Comparison of \u0100laya-Vij\u00f1\u0101na in Yog\u0101c\u0101ra and Dzogchen\uff09<span style=\"color: #0000ff\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff\" href=\"#_ftn28\" name=\"_ftnref28\">[28]<\/a><\/span> \u4e00\u6587\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u96d6\u5df2\u7559\u610f\u5230\u9f8d\u9752\u5df4\u8457\u4f5c\u4e2d\u7684\u963f\u8cf4\u8036\u8207\u963f\u8cf4\u8036\u8b58\u6709\u5dee\u5225<span style=\"color: #0000ff\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff\" href=\"#_ftn29\" name=\"_ftnref29\">[29]<\/a><\/span>\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u5728\u6587\u7ae0\u5f8c\u534a\u90e8\u5206\u8ad6\u8ff0\u5927\u5713\u6eff\u8a9e\u5883\u4e0b\u7684\u963f\u8cf4\u8036\u6642\u4ecd\u7528\u201c\u963f\u8cf4\u8036\u8b58\u201d\u4ee3\u66ff\u201c\u963f\u8cf4\u8036\u201d\uff0c\u9019\u986f\u7136\u662f\u5c07\u963f\u8cf4\u8036\u7576\u4f5c\u8b58\u4f86\u770b\u5f85\uff0c\u9817\u6613\u5f15\u8d77\u6df7\u6dc6\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\">\u4e0a\u8ff0\u963f\u8cf4\u8036\u8207\u963f\u8cf4\u8036\u8b58\u4e4b\u5dee\u5225\u7684\u5b89\u7acb\u76f4\u63a5\u5f71\u97ff\u4e86\u752f\u746a\u6d3e\u5c0d\u8af8\u8b58\u6d88\u878d\uff08thim pa\uff09\u8207\u91cd\u65b0\u73fe\u8d77\u4e4b\u6b21\u7b2c\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\uff0c\u64da\u9f8d\u9752\u5df4\u6240\u8a00\uff0c\u8a72\u6d88\u878d\u8207\u73fe\u8d77\u4e4b\u65b9\u5f0f\u61c9\u70ba\u752f\u746a\u6d3e\u4e4b\u4e0d\u5171\u8aaa\uff0c\u4e14\u8207\u67d0\u4e9b\u65b0\u8b6f\u5bc6\u5492\u4e0a\u5e2b\u7684\u4e3b\u5f35\u76f8\u9055<span style=\"color: #0000ff\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff\" href=\"#_ftn30\" name=\"_ftnref30\">[30]<\/a><\/span>\u3002 \u300a\u5927\u8eca\u758f\u300b\u4e91\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\">\u6b32\u754c\u4e4b\u5730\u4e0a\u88dc\u7279\u4f3d\u7f85\uff08sa pa\uff09\u7761\u7720\u6642\uff0c\u4e94\u9580\u8b58\u8207\u672b\u90a3\u8b58\u878d\u5165\u610f\u8b58\uff0c\u610f\u8b58\u878d\u5165\u963f\u8cf4\u8036\u8b58\uff0c\u9803\u523b\u5373\u8d77\u6f84\u660e\u7121\u5206\u5225\uff08\u4e4b\u72c0\u614b\uff09\u3002\u96d6\u7136\u65b0\u6d3e\u963f\u9607\u9ece\u627f\u8a31\u4e91\uff1a\u201c\u8fa8\u8b58\u6b64\uff08\u963f\u8cf4\u8036\u8b58\uff09\u4e4b\u672c\u9762\uff0c\u4e14\u5b89\u4f4f\u65bc\u5176\u4e0a\uff0c\u7531\u662f\u7121\u5922\u800c\u884c\u65bc\u5149\u660e\u6cd5\u6027\u201d\uff0c\u7136\u800c\uff08\u4f59\u4ee5\u70ba\uff09\u963f\u8cf4\u8036\u8b58\u878d\u5165\u65bc\u8af8\u6cd5\u7686\u4e0d\u8d77\u5206\u5225\u4e4b\u963f\u8cf4\u8036\uff0c\u963f\u8cf4\u8036\u590d\u878d\u5165\u6cd5\u754c\uff0c\u9042\u4ee4\u7c97\u7d30\u57f7\u8457\u7686\u6d88\u96b1\uff0c\u660e\u7a7a\u96e2\u6232\u8ad6\u4e4b\u6cd5\u6027\u5f97\u4ee5\u986f\u73fe\uff0c\u82e5\u80fd\u8fa8\u8a8d\u6b64\uff08\u6cd5\u6027\uff09\uff0c\u5247\u53ef\u7834\u9664\u8ff7\u4e82\u3002 \u300a\u79d8\u5bc6\u667a\u6167\u5927\u5bf6\u904d\u96c6\u7e8c\u300b\uff08gSang ba ye shes rin po che\u2019i rgyud kun \u2019dus\uff09\u4e91\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\">\u4e03\u8b58\u805a\u5165\u8cf4\u8036\u8b58\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u963f\u8cf4\u8036\u5165\u6de8\u6cd5\u754c<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000\"> \u723e\u6642\u73fe\u8d77\u81ea\u751f\u667a \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u672c\u521d\u4ff1\u751f\u4e4b\u660e\u7a7a<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000\"> \u8af8\u745c\u4f3d\u58eb\u7576\u77e5\u6b64<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\">\u800c\u5f8c\u53c8\u5f9e\u6cd5\u754c\u4e2d\u73fe\u8d77\u963f\u8cf4\u8036\uff0c\u7531\u963f\u8cf4\u8036\u73fe\u8d77\u963f\u8cf4\u8036\u8b58\uff0c\u5fa9\u7531\u963f\u8cf4\u8036\u8b58\u73fe\u8d77\u7368\u982d\u610f\u8b58\uff0c\u7531\u662f\u986f\u73fe\u7a2e\u7a2e\u5922\u5883\uff0c\u723e\u6642\u7531\u7fd2\u6c23\u6545\uff0c\u5c07\uff08\u5922\uff09\u5883\u4e2d\u4e4b\u8af8\u6cd5\u57f7\u70ba\u6211\u6240\u3002\u5fa9\u6b21\uff0c\u5206\u5225\u5ff5\u6643\u52d5\u4e4b\u98a8\u606f\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4f9d\u65bc\u4e03\u8b58\u805a\u4e4b\u8108\u5167\u98a8\u606f\u7d93\u5de6\u53f3\u4e8c\u8108\u8da3\u5165\u4e2d\u8108\u6642\uff0c\u5373\u540d\u70ba\u963f\u8cf4\u8036\u4e09\u7b49\u8b58\uff08kun gzhi sum mnyam gyi rnam par shes pa\uff09 \uff0c\u4ee5\u4e09\u98a8\u5e73\u7b49\u532f\u5408\u65bc\u4e00\u8655\u6545\u3002\u800c\u5f8c\u5f7c\u8b58\u9032\u5165\u4e2d\u8108\u4e14\u6210\u4e00\u5473\uff0c\u6b64\u70ba\u963f\u8cf4\u8036\u4e4b\u6642\uff08kun gzhi\u2019i dus\uff09\uff0c\u6b64\u6642\u5373\u6c89\u7761\u800c\u7121\u5922\u5883\uff0c\u4ea6\u6709\u4eba\u5fb9\u591c\u7686\u7121\u5922\u3002\u5fa9\u6b21\uff0c\u963f\u8cf4\u8036\u878d\u5165\u6cd5\u754c\u8005\uff0c\u4e43\u6307\u4e2d\u8108\u4e2d\u592e\u5149\u660e\u6b8a\u52dd\u4e0d\u8b8a\u8108\u5177\u7c97\u5206\u754c\uff08rags pa&#8217;i khams\uff09\u3001\u4e0d\u52d5\u98a8\uff08rlung mi rgyu ba\uff09\u4ee5\u53ca\u6f84\u660e\u5149\uff08dwangs pa &#8216;od\uff09\u4e4b\u81ea\u6027\u3002 \u300a\u666e\u660e\u7e8c\u300b\uff08Kun gsal\uff09\u4e91\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\">\u4e2d\u8108\u4e2d\u592e\u4e4b\u8108\u8005\u00a0 \u00a0\u5149\u660e\u6b8a\u52dd\u7121\u8b8a\u7570<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000\"> \u6f84\u6de8\u7121\u5be6\u5149\u660e\u754c \u00a0\u00a0\u672c\u667a\u4f4f\u8655\u4efb\u904b\u6210<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\">\u4e2d\u8108\u4e4b\u98a8\u606f\u7cbe\u83ef\u5373\u540d\u70ba\u8b58\uff0c\u901a\u9054\u8b58\u6027\u6642\uff0c\u5149\u660e\u5373\u986f\u73fe\uff0c\u723e\u6642\u986f\u73fe\u660e\u9ede\u3001\u5149\u3001\u8679\u5149\u7b49\u5149\u660e\uff0c\u986f\u73fe\u96e2\u6232\u8ad6\u5fc3\u6027\u4e4b\u7a7a\u6027\u5149\u660e\uff0c\u986f\u73fe\u660e\u89ba\u89ba\u53d7\u4e4b\u5ee3\u5927\u672c\u667a\u96d9\u904b\u5149\u660e\u3002\u5176\u5f8c\uff0c\u963f\u8cf4\u8036\u3001\u963f\u8cf4\u8036\u8b58\u3001\u610f\u8b58\u73fe\u8d77\u4e4b\u6642\uff0c\u5373\u70ba\u610f\u5ff5\u6240\u4f9d\u4e4b\u547d\u8108\u5167\u98a8\u606f\u73fe\u8d77\u4e4b\u6642\uff0c\u800c\u5f8c\u98a8\u606f\u9032\u5165\u4f9d\u65bc\u8af8\u6839\u4e4b\u8108\u5167\uff0c\u96a8\u5373\u9192\u89ba\uff0c\u4e26\u81ea\u7136\u800c\u5c0d\u986f\u73fe\u4e4b\u5916\u5883\u751f\u8d77\u4e8c\u53d6\u3002<span style=\"color: #0000ff\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff\" href=\"#_ftn31\" name=\"_ftnref31\">[31]<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\">\u7531\u4e0a\u4f86\u6240\u5f15\u9f8d\u9752\u5df4\u4e4b\u8ad6\u8ff0\uff0c\u53ef\u898b\u5176\u5c0d\u963f\u8cf4\u8036\u8207\u963f\u8cf4\u8036\u8b58\u5224\u754c\u4e4b\u56b4\uff0c\u9f8d\u9752\u5df4\u8a73\u8ff0\u4e86\u8af8\u8b58\u6d88\u878d\u3001\u5922\u5883\u986f\u73fe\u3001\u6c89\u7761\u3001\u9192\u89ba\u4e4b\u6a5f\u7406\uff0c\u4e26\u4f9d\u7121\u4e0a\u5bc6\u7684\u89c0\u9ede\u89e3\u6790\u4e86\u4e0a\u8ff0\u6b21\u7b2c\u4e2d\u8108\u3001\u6c23\u3001\u660e\u9ede\u4e4b\u5167\u5728\u904b\u4f5c\uff0c\u4ed6\u8a8d\u70ba\u4e03\u8b58\u805a\u878d\u5165\u963f\u8cf4\u8036\u8b58\u4e4b\u5f8c\u5c31\u73fe\u8d77\u6cd5\u6027\u5149\u660e\u4e4b\u8aaa\u6cd5\u4e0d\u78ba\uff0c\u963f\u8cf4\u8036\u8b58\u61c9\u7e7c\u7e8c\u6d88\u878d\u65bc\u963f\u8cf4\u8036\uff0c\u963f\u8cf4\u8036\u878d\u5165\u6cd5\u754c\uff0c\u65b9\u53ef\u73fe\u8d77\u6cd5\u6027\u5149\u660e\uff0c\u540c\u6a23\uff0c\u8af8\u8b58\u518d\u5ea6\u73fe\u8d77\u76f4\u81f3\u9192\u89ba\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\u4ea6\u61c9\u4f9d\u6b64\u9006\u63a8\u3002\u9019\u4e00\u904e\u7a0b\u6846\u67b6\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u5728\u65bc\u5b83\u6d89\u53ca\u7684\u7bc4\u570d\u4e26\u4e0d\u5c40\u9650\u65bc\u7761\u5922\u53ca\u9192\u89ba\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u540c\u6a23\u727d\u6d89\u81e8\u7d42\u3001\u79aa\u5b9a\u3001\u8f49\u751f\u4e4b\u904e\u7a0b\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5b83\u5be6\u8207\u4e2d\u6709\uff08bar do\uff09\u6cd5\u9580\u4e4b\u7406\u8da3\u5bc6\u5207\u639b\u920e\uff0c\u4e0d\u61c9\u542b\u7cca\uff0c\u5f8c\u4e16\u752f\u746a\u6d3e\u8ad6\u5e2b\u65bc\u9020\u8ad6\u6642\u4e5f\u7684\u78ba\u8b39\u9075\u9f8d\u9752\u5df4\u4e4b\u8aaa<span style=\"color: #0000ff\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff\" href=\"#_ftn32\" name=\"_ftnref32\">[32]<\/a><\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\">\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\uff0c\u752f\u746a\u6d3e\u65e9\u671f\u8ad6\u5e2b\u5927\u591a\u4ee5kun gzhi\u4e00\u8a5e\u7d71\u651d\u50b3\u7d71\u745c\u4f3d\u884c\u5b78\u8aaa\u4e2d\u7684\u963f\u8cf4\u8036\u8b58\u548c\u5927\u5713\u6eff\u8a9e\u5883\u4e0b\u7684\u963f\u8cf4\u8036\uff08\u4ea6\u8b6f\u4f5c\u201c\u666e\u57fa\u201d\uff09\u5169\u91cd\u542b\u7fa9<span style=\"color: #0000ff\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff\" href=\"#_ftn33\" name=\"_ftnref33\">[33]<\/a><\/span>\uff0c\u800c\u81f3\u5176\u4e2d\u200b\u200b\u5f8c\u671f\u968e\u6bb5\uff0c\u8af8\u8ad6\u5e2b\u5247\u666e\u904d\u5c07kun gzhi\u8207kun gzhi&#8217;i rnams shes\u5340\u5206\u958b\u4f86\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\">2\u3001\u8a73\u8aaa\u963f\u8cf4\u8036<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\">\u7531\u4e0a\u4f86\u7684\u8a0e\u8ad6\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5df2\u77e5\u85cf\u571f\u8ad6\u5e2b\u5728\u5171\u901a\u5927\u4e58\u7684\u57fa\u790e\u4e0a\u5c0d\u963f\u8cf4\u8036\u4f5c\u200b\u200b\u4e86\u4e0d\u5171\u7684\u5b89\u7acb\uff0c\u5b78\u4eba\u65bc\u7814\u7a76\u76f8\u95dc\u6587\u737b\u6642\uff0c\u61c9\u8b39\u614e\u8003\u5bdf\u5176\u8a9e\u5883\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u660e\u78ba\u5176\u6240\u6307\u7a76\u7adf\u70ba\u745c\u4f3d\u884c\u50b3\u7d71\u610f\u7fa9\u4e0a\u7684\u963f\u8cf4\u8036\u8b58\uff0c\u9084\u662f\u4f9d\u7121\u4e0a\u5bc6\u89c0\u9ede\u6240\u5efa\u7acb\u7684\u963f\u8cf4\u8036\u3002\u63a5\u4e0b\u4f86\uff0c\u7b46\u8005\u5c07\u9010\u6b21\u8a73\u6790\u752f\u746a\u6d3e\u5c0d\u963f\u8cf4\u8036\u7684\u95e1\u91cb\uff0c\u4ee5\u4ee4\u5176\u9593\u7684\u8108\u7d61\u5f97\u4ee5\u521d\u6b65\u7684\u6f84\u6e05\u3002<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000\"> \u5728\u752f\u746a\u6d3e\u65e9\u671f\u7684\u5bc6\u7e8c\u4e2d\uff0c\u6709\u4e00\u90e8\u7e8c\u540d\u70ba\u300a\u5927\u5713\u6eff\u660e\u793a\u666e\u8ce2\u672c\u667a\u7e8c\u300b\uff08rDzogs pa chen po kun tu bzang po ye shes gsal bar ston pa&#8217;i rgyud\uff09<span style=\"color: #0000ff\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff\" href=\"#_ftn34\" name=\"_ftnref34\">[34]<\/a><\/span> \uff0c\u8a72\u7e8c\u5c07\u963f\u8cf4\u8036\u5224\u70ba\u4e8c\uff0c\u5176\u4e00\u70ba\u95dc\u806f\u7de3\u751f\u963f\u8cf4\u8036\uff08sbyor ba rkyen gyi kun gzhi\uff09\uff0c\u5176\u4e8c\u70ba\u672c\u4f86\u771f\u5be6\u963f\u8cf4\u8036\uff08ye nyid don gyi kun gzhi\uff09\uff0c\u524d\u8005\u7a4d\u805a\u6709\u60c5\u5f80\u6614\u4e00\u5207\u7fd2\u6c23\uff0c\u4e26\u73fe\u8d77\u4e00\u5207\u96dc\u67d3\u8207\u5206\u5225\uff0c\u9019\u8207\u745c\u4f3d\u884c\u5b9a\u7fa9\u4e0b\u7684\u963f\u8cf4\u8036\u8b58\u76f8\u985e\uff0c\u4ee5\u5176\u5c1a\u672a\u8d85\u8d8a\u56e0\u7de3\uff0c\u4e14\u70ba\u5177\u6709\u751f\u6ec5\u4e4b\u6709\u70ba\u6cd5\uff0c\u6545\u540d\u201c\u7de3\u751f\u201d\u3002\u5f8c\u8005\u5247\u5982\u6f84\u6de8\u7121\u6fc1\u4e4b\u6c34\uff0c\u4e0d\u53d7\u4e00\u5207\u7fd2\u6c23\u3001\u5206\u5225\u3001\u7169\u60f1\u6240\u67d3\uff0c\u5176\u672c\u8cea\u70ba\u6cd5\u8eab <span style=\"color: #0000ff\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff\" href=\"#_ftn35\" name=\"_ftnref35\">[35]<\/a><\/span>\u3002\u9019\u4e00\u89e3\u91cb\u6216\u70ba\u6211\u5011\u80fd\u67e5\u95b1\u5230\u7684\u752f\u746a\u6d3e\u6700\u65e9\u5c0d\u963f\u8cf4\u8036\u7684\u5224\u5225<span style=\"color: #0000ff\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff\" href=\"#_ftn36\" name=\"_ftnref36\">[36]<\/a><\/span>\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u5c07\u5176\u8996\u70ba\u52aa\u4f5b\u667a\u3001\u7d68\u5b8b\u6cd5\u8ce2\u7b49\u5e2b\u6240\u4f5c\u7684\u76f8\u95dc\u5224\u5225\u7684\u5148\u5c0e\uff0c\u4ea6\u70ba\u5f8c\u4f86\u51fa\u73fe\u7684\u53e3\u8a23\u90e8\u5fc3\u8981\uff08sNying thig\uff09\u985e\u6587\u737b\u4e2d\u963f\u8cf4\u8036\u8207\u6cd5\u8eab\u5224\u5225\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u6839\u57fa\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\">\u52aa\u4f5b\u667a\u65bc\u5176\u70ba\u300a\u5bc6\u610f\u96c6\u7d93\u300b\uff08dGongs pa &#8216;dus pa&#8217;i mdo\uff09\u6240\u9020\u7684\u91cb\u8ad6\u300a\u9ed1\u6697\u93a7\u7532\u300b\uff08Mun pa&#8217;i go cha\uff09<span style=\"color: #0000ff\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff\" href=\"#_ftn37\" name=\"_ftnref37\">[37]<\/a><\/span> \u4e2d\u5c07\u963f\u8cf4\u8036\u5206\u70ba\u95dc\u806f\u771f\u5be6\u963f\u8cf4\u8036\uff08sbyor ba don gyi kun gzhi\uff09\u8207\u57fa\u4f4d\u771f\u5be6\u963f\u8cf4\u8036\uff08gzhi don gyi kun gzhi\uff09\uff0c\u4ed6\u8a8d\u70ba\u524d\u8005\u65e2\u70ba\u552f\u8b58\u5b97\uff08rnam rig pa\uff09\u6240\u8a31\u4e4b\u4e00\u5207\u7fd2\u6c23\u7a2e\u5b50\u6240\u4f9d\uff0c\u4ea6\u70ba\u6e05\u6de8\u6d85\u69c3\u6240\u4f9d\uff08rnam par byang ba&#8217;i rten\uff09\uff0c\u800c\u5f8c\u8005\u5247\u70ba\u672c\u4f86\u7121\u751f\u3001\u96e2\u9020\u4f5c\u4e4b\u6cd5\u6027\u3002\u9019\u5169\u5206\u963f\u8cf4\u8036\u5927\u81f4\u8207\u300a\u5927\u5713\u6eff\u660e\u793a\u666e\u8ce2\u672c\u667a\u7e8c\u300b\u4e2d\u7684\u5169\u5206\u76f8\u5c0d\u61c9\uff0c\u8207\u5176\u7565\u7570\u7684\u662f\u52aa\u4f5b\u667a\u4ee5\u95dc\u806f\u771f\u5be6\u963f\u8cf4\u8036\u70ba\u67d3\u6de8\u4e4b\u5171\u540c\u6240\u4f9d\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\">11\u4e16\u7d00\u6642\uff0c\u7d68\u5b8b\u6cd5\u8ce2\u65bc\u5176\u300a\u5165\u5927\u4e58\u8ad6\u300b\u4e2d\u5c0d\u963f\u8cf4\u8036\u5224\u5225\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\">\u5fa9\u6b21\uff0c\u82e5\u4f9d\u4e0b\u4e58\uff0c\u5247\u8aaa\u963f\u8cf4\u8036\u4e4b\u6027\u76f8\u4e43\u5b89\u4f4f\u4e26\u6210\u719f\u65bc\u6709\u6f0f\u8af8\u6cd5\u4e4b\u56e0\u679c\u9ad4\u6027\u4e2d\uff0c\u7336\u5982\uff08\u9010\u6f38\uff09\u6210\u719f\u4e4b\u679c\u5be6\uff0c\u5f7c\uff08\u4ea6\uff09\u70ba\u8af8\u7121\u6f0f\uff08\u6cd5\uff09\u4e4b\u6240\u4f9d\u53ca\u4f4f\u8655\uff0c\u7336\u5982\u6bd2\u74f6\u4e2d\u76db\u88dd\u85e5\u7269\u3002\u82e5\u4f9d\u4e0a\u4e58\uff0c\u5247\u8aaa\u963f\u8cf4\u8036\u4e4b\u6027\u76f8\u7121\u59cb\u4ee5\u4f86\u5373\u65bc\u83e9\u63d0\u85cf\u4e4b\u81ea\u6027\u4e2d\u5f97\u6e05\u6de8\uff0c\u6545\u963f\u8cf4\u8036\u5373\u83e9\u63d0\u5fc3\uff0c\u7169\u60f1\u8207\u60e1\u8da3\u4e4b\u7fd2\u6c23\u7686\u70ba\u5ba2\u5875\u57a2\u67d3\uff0c\u7336\u5982\u92b9\u57a2\u8986\u65bc\u9ec3\u91d1\uff0c\u4ea6\u5982\u5bf6\u73e0\u9677\u65bc\u6c61\u6ce5\uff0c\u7121\u6709\u5206\u6beb\u529f\u5fb7\u5f97\u4ee5\u986f\u73fe\uff0c\u7136\u5176\u81ea\u6027\u7121\u53ef\u6e1b\u640d\u3002<span style=\"color: #0000ff\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff\" href=\"#_ftn38\" name=\"_ftnref38\">[38]<\/a><\/span><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000\"> \u7531\u4e0a\u53ef\u77e5\uff0c\u7d68\u5b8b\u6cd5\u8ce2\u4e4b\u8aaa\u540c\u65bc\u52aa\u4f5b\u667a\u6240\u8aaa\uff0c\u800c\u7570\u65bc\u300a\u5927\u5713\u6eff\u660e\u793a\u666e\u8ce2\u672c\u667a\u7e8c\u300b\u3002<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000\"> 14\u4e16\u7d00\u6642\uff0c\u9f8d\u9752\u5df4\u5c0a\u8005\u4ea6\u66fe\u5ee3\u91cb\u963f\u8cf4\u8036\uff0c\u6b78\u96c6\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u5176\u91cb\u8aaa\u53ef\u5206\u70ba\u5169\u500b\u9ad4\u7cfb\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u500b\u9ad4\u7cfb\u4e3b\u8981\u6d89\u53ca\u300a\u5927\u5713\u6eff\u5fc3\u6027\u4f11\u606f\u300b\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u5176\u91cb\u8ad6\u300a\u5927\u8eca\u758f\u300b\uff09\u3001\u300a\u5982\u610f\u85cf\u300b\uff08Yid bzhin mdzod\uff09\u3001\u300a\u5b97\u8f2a\u85cf\u300b\uff08Grub mtha&#8217; mdzod\uff09\u7b49\uff0c\u9019\u4e00\u7cfb\u8ad6\u8457\u7684\u898b\u5730\u5074\u91cd\u65bc\u5fc3\u90e8\uff08Sems sde\uff09\u8207\u754c\u90e8\uff08Klong sde\uff09 \uff1b\u7b2c\u4e8c\u500b\u9ad4\u7cfb\u4e3b\u8981\u6d89\u53ca\u57fa\u65bc\u53e3\u8a23\u90e8\uff08Man ngag sde\uff09\u5341\u4e03\u7e8c\uff08bRgyud bcu bdun\uff09\u7684\u300a\u52dd\u4e58\u85cf\u300b\uff08Theg mchog mdzod\uff09\u3001\u300a\u53e5\u7fa9\u85cf\u300b\uff08Tshig don mdzod\uff09\u4ee5\u53ca\u300a\u56db\u90e8\u5fc3\u8981\u300b\uff08sNying thig ya bzhi\uff09\u7b49\u3002<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000\"> \u81f3\u65bc\u7b2c\u4e00\u500b\u9ad4\u7cfb\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u300a\u5927\u8eca\u758f\u300b\u7b2c\u56db\u54c1\u201c\u696d\u529b\u56e0\u679c\u54c1\u201d\uff08Las rgyu &#8216;bras kyi le&#8217;u\uff09\u70ba\u4f8b\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5c07\u963f\u8cf4\u8036\u5206\u70ba\u95dc\u806f\u771f\u5be6\u963f\u8cf4\u8036\uff08sbyor ba don gyi kun gzhi\uff09\u8207\u7a2e\u7a2e\u7fd2\u6c23\u963f\u8cf4\u8036\uff08bag chags sna tshogs pa&#8217;i kun gzhi\uff09\uff0c\u524d\u8005\u4e4b\u672c\u6027\u70ba\u201c\u672c\u4f86\u7121\u70ba\u3001\u6cd5\u723e\u4efb\u904b\u4e4b\u672c\u89ba\u201d\uff0c\u4e14\u5982\u4f86\u85cf\u3001\u6cd5\u754c\u3001\u4f5b\u6027\u3001\u771f\u5982\u7b49\u7686\u70ba\u5176\u7570\u540d\uff0c\u6b64\u8207\u300a\u5bc6\u56b4\u7d93\u300b\uff08Ghanavy\u016bha-s\u016btra\uff09\u4e4b\u7d93\u7fa9\u76f8\u5408\uff1b\u81f3\u65bc\u5f8c\u8005\uff0c\u5247\u70ba\u96a8\u8f2a\u8ff4\u5206\u53ca\u96a8\u89e3\u812b\u5206\u4e4b\u4e00\u5207\u696d\u529b\u7fd2\u6c23\u6240\u4f9d<span style=\"color: #0000ff\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff\" href=\"#_ftn39\" name=\"_ftnref39\">[39]<\/a><\/span>\u3002\u9f8d\u9752\u5df4\u6307\u51fa\u9019\u7a2e\u4e8c\u5206\u6cd5\u662f\u57fa\u65bc\u6709\u70ba\u8207\u7121\u70ba\u4e4b\u5dee\u5225\uff0c\u524d\u8005\u4e43\u5f9e\u672c\u6027\u7121\u70ba\u4e4b\u89d2\u5ea6\u5b89\u7acb\uff0c\u5f8c\u8005\u5247\u4f5c\u70ba\u4e00\u5207\u6709\u70ba\u6cd5\u4e4b\u6240\u4f9d\u800c\u6210\u7acb\uff0c\u7531\u6b64\u53ef\u77e5\uff0c\u8a72\u9ad4\u7cfb\u7684\u5224\u5225\u5be6\u8207\u300a\u5927\u5713\u6eff\u660e\u793a\u666e\u8ce2\u672c\u667a\u7e8c\u300b\u76f8\u540c\u3002<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000\"> \u81f3\u65bc\u7b2c\u4e8c\u500b\u9ad4\u7cfb\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u300a\u53e5\u7fa9\u85cf\u300b\u7b2c\u56db\u54c1\u201c\u6289\u64c7\u672c\u89ba\u667a\u4e4b\u5b89\u4f4f\u8655\u201d\uff08Rig pa&#8217;i ye shes kyi bzhugs gnas gtan la dbab pa\uff09\u70ba\u4f8b\uff0c\u8a72\u54c1\u7528\u5927\u91cf\u7b46\u58a8\u8fa8\u5225\u963f\u8cf4\u8036\u8207\u6cd5\u8eab\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4f9d\u9ad4\u6027\uff08ngo bo\uff09\u3001\u91cb\u7fa9\uff08nges tshig\uff09\u3001\u5224\u5225\uff08dbye ba\uff09\u3001\u529f\u7528\uff08byed las\uff09\u3001\u7acb\u540d\u4e4b\u56e0\u7531\uff08sgra &#8216;jug pa&#8217;i rgyu mtshan\uff09\u4e94\u652f\u4ee5\u91cb\u963f\u8cf4\u8036\uff0c\u651d\u4e4b\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000\">\u9ad4\u6027\uff1a\u7531\u5fc3\u53ca\u5fc3\u6240\u6240\u651d\uff0c\u9042\u6210\u4e00\u5207\u8f2a\u8ff4\u6d85\u69c3\u4e4b\u696d\u8207\u7fd2\u6c23\u6240\u4f9d\uff0c\u4ea6\u5373\u7121\u8a18\u4e4b\u7121\u660e\u5730\uff08ma rig pa\u2019i sa pa lung ma bstan\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000\">\u91cb\u7fa9\uff1a\u4ee5\u5176\u70ba\u8af8\u591a\u7fd2\u6c23\u4e4b\u6839\u57fa\uff0c\u6545\u540d\u70ba\u963f\u8cf4\u8036\u3002<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000\">\u5224\u5225\uff1a\u963f\u8cf4\u8036\u5206\u70ba\u56db\u5206\uff0c\u5177\u9ad4\u5982\u4e0b\u2014\u2014<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 60px\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">\u2460\u672c\u4f86\u771f\u5be6\u963f\u8cf4\u8036\uff08ye don gyi kun gzhi\uff09\uff0c\u81ea\u672c\u521d\u4ee5\u4f86\uff0c\u5373\u8207\u672c\u89ba\u5177\u4ff1\u751f\uff0c\u89c0\u5f85\u672c\u89ba\u800c\u6210\u7121\u660e\uff0c\u7531\u662f\u800c\u6210\u8f2a\u8ff4\u8af8\u6cd5\u4e4b\u6700\u521d\u6839\u672c\uff0c\u5f7c\u8207\u672c\u89ba\u4e4b\u95dc\u4fc2\u6070\u4f3c\u93fd\u6591\u8207\u91d1\u5c6c\u3002<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000\"> \u2461\u95dc\u806f\u771f\u5be6\u963f\u8cf4\u8036\uff08sbyor ba don gyi kun gzhi\uff09\uff0c\u4e43\u696d\u5206\u4e4b\u6839\uff08las kyi cha&#8217;i gzhi\uff09\uff0c\u65bc\u8f2a\u8ff4\u6d85\u69c3\u4e2d\u727d\u806f\u4e26\u63a8\u52d5\u7a2e\u7a2e\u696d\u529b\uff0c\u7531\u662f\u800c\u6210\u7121\u8a18\u4e4b\u6839\u672c\u6240\u4f9d\u3002<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000\"> \u2462\u7a2e\u7a2e\u7fd2\u6c23\u963f\u8cf4\u8036\uff08bag chags sna tshogs pa\u2019i kun gzhi\uff09\uff0c\u4e43\u5fc3\u8207\u5fc3\u6240\u4e2d\u80fd\u751f\u8f2a\u8ff4\u4e4b\u5206\uff0c\u4ea6\u5373\u7a2e\u7a2e\u7fd2\u6c23\u8207\u96a8\u7720\u4e4b\u7121\u8a18\u6839\u672c\u6240\u4f9d\u3002<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000\"> \u2463\u7fd2\u6c23\u8eab\u4e4b\u963f\u8cf4\u8036\uff08bag chags lus kyi kun gzhi\uff09\uff0c\u986f\u73fe\u70ba\u80a2\u9ad4\u53ca\u5176\u5fae\u7d30\u652f\u5206\uff0c\u53ef\u5225\u5225\u986f\u73fe\u70ba\u7c97\u8eab\u3001\u6f84\u660e\u5149\u8eab\u3001\u4e09\u6469\u5730\u4e4b\u4f3c\u986f\u73fe\u8eab\uff0c\u5176\u4e43\u4e09\u7a2e\u8eab\u4e4b\u6839\u672c\uff0c\u4e14\u70ba\u7121\u660e\u4e4b\u6240\u4f9d\u3002<span style=\"color: #0000ff\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff\" href=\"#_ftn40\" name=\"_ftnref40\">[40]<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 60px\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">\u9019\u56db\u500b\u5c64\u9762\u4e43\u7531\u5fae\u7d30\u5206\u5411\u7c97\u5206\u5c64\u5c64\u5f80\u4e0b\u5efa\u7acb\uff0c\u7136\u56db\u8005\u4e26\u975e\u7570\u9ad4\uff0c\u9f8d\u9752\u5df4\u8a8d\u70ba\u5b83\u5011\u53ea\u662f\u7121\u8a18\u7fd2\u6c23\u5730\uff08lung ma bstan bag chags kyi sa pa\uff09\u4e4b\u4e0d\u540c\u53cd\u9ad4\uff08ldog pa \uff09\uff0c\u540c\u70ba\u7121\u8a18\u4e4b\u96a8\u7720\u5206\uff08bag la nyal gyi cha lung ma bstan\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000\">\u529f\u7528\uff1a\u5176\u4e43\u524d\u5f8c\u7fd2\u6c23\u4e4b\u6240\u4f9d\uff0c\u696d\u8207\u96dc\u67d3\u4e4b\u56e0\uff0c\u8eab\u8207\u8af8\u591a\u805a\u5408\u9ad4\u4e4b\u986f\u73fe\u57fa\uff0c\u53ef\u8207\u8eab\u5fc3\u8f2a\u6d85\u5225\u5225\u95dc\u806f\u3002<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000\">\u7acb\u540d\u4e4b\u56e0\u7531\uff1a\u5f7c\u53ef\u806f\u7d50\u524d\u5f8c\u7fd2\u6c23\uff0c\u95dc\u806f\u524d\u5f8c\u4e4b\u7570\u719f\uff0c\u53ef\u4f9d\u56e0\u679c\u4e4b\u529b\u800c\u6210\u70ba\u9ed1\u767d\u696d\u4e4b\u6240\u4f9d\uff0c\u6545\u70ba\u201c\u666e\u201d\uff08kun\uff09\uff0c\u80fd\u5c07\u6cd5\u8207\u975e\u6cd5\u805a\u65bc\u4e00\u8655\uff0c\u6545\u70ba\u201c\u57fa\u201d\uff08gzhi\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\">\u7531\u6b64\u53ef\u898b\uff0c\u300a\u53e5\u7fa9\u85cf\u300b\u4e2d\u5c0d\u963f\u8cf4\u8036\u7684\u5224\u5225\u65e2\u4e0d\u540c\u65bc\u300a\u5927\u5713\u6eff\u660e\u793a\u666e\u8ce2\u672c\u667a\u7e8c\u300b\uff0c\u4ea6\u4e0d\u540c\u65bc\u52aa\u3001\u7d68\u4e8c\u5e2b\u4e4b\u8aaa\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u56db\u5206\u963f\u8cf4\u8036\u5be6\u53ef\u7d71\u7d71\u6b78\u651d\u65bc\u300a\u5927\u8eca\u758f\u300b\u6240\u8a00\u4e4b\u7a2e\u7a2e\u7fd2\u6c23\u963f\u8cf4\u8036\u4e0b\uff0c\u9042\u8207\u6cd5\u8eab\u5f62\u6210\u76f8\u5c0d\uff0c\u800c\u300a\u53e5\u7fa9\u85cf\u300b\u7b49\u53e3\u8a23\u90e8\u8ad6\u8457\u4e2d\u5373\u4ee5\u6cd5\u8eab\u6216\u672c\u59cb\u57fa\u4ee3\u66ff\u300a\u5927\u8eca\u758f\u300b\u4e2d\u7684\u95dc\u806f\u771f\u5be6\u963f\u8cf4\u8036\u3002\u9f8d\u9752\u5df4\u6240\u4f5c\u7684\u9019\u5169\u7a2e\u5224\u5225\u4e4b\u9593\u5be6\u969b\u4e26\u7121\u7274\u727e\uff0c\u4e8c\u8005\u53ea\u662f\u4f9d\u5927\u5713\u6eff\u4e0d\u540c\u90e8\uff08sde\uff09\u7684\u898b\u5730\u6240\u4f5c\u7684\u5b89\u7acb\uff0c\u540d\u76f8\u96d6\u6709\u7570\uff0c\u5bc6\u610f\u5be6\u552f\u4e00\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\">\u901a\u904e\u4e0a\u4f86\u7684\u68b3\u7406\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u767c\u73fe\u752f\u746a\u6d3e\u6240\u5b89\u7acb\u7684\u963f\u8cf4\u8036\u8207\u745c\u4f3d\u884c\u50b3\u7d71\u6240\u5efa\u7acb\u7684\u963f\u8cf4\u8036\u8b58\u6709\u5169\u9ede\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u5176\u4e00\u662f\u963f\u8cf4\u8036\u4e0d\u4f46\u53ef\u4f5c\u70ba\u8f2a\u8ff4\u754c\u4e00\u5207\u696d\u529b\u7fd2\u6c23\u6240\u4f9d\uff0c\u4ea6\u53ef\u4f5c\u70ba\u6e05\u6de8\u6d85\u69c3\u4e4b\u6240\u4f9d\uff1b\u5176\u4e8c\u662f\u5728\u4e0a\u8ff0\u963f\u8cf4\u8036\u7684\u57fa\u790e\u4e0a\u66f4\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u500b\u7121\u70ba\u6e05\u6de8\u7684\u963f\u8cf4\u8036\/\u666e\u57fa\uff0c\u8a72\u57fa\u8207\u6cd5\u8eab\u3001\u672c\u89ba\u3001\u83e9\u63d0\u5fc3\u3001\u6cd5\u754c\u3001\u672c\u59cb\u57fa\u7b49\u540c\u7fa9\uff0c\u4e14\u5f37\u8abf\u5176\u70ba\u6709\u60c5\u6240\u672c\u5177\uff0c\u4f9d\u6b64\u57fa\u800c\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u5207\u4fee\u9053\uff0c\u5c0d\u8a72\u57fa\u4e4b\u958b\u986f\u8207\u7a76\u7adf\u73fe\u8b49\u5373\u4fee\u9053\u4e4b\u679c\uff0c\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u57fa\u9053\u679c\u5be6\u70ba\u4f9d\u5982\u4f86\u85cf\u6240\u4f5c\u4e4b\u6289\u64c7\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u8a72\u5efa\u7acb\u5df2\u8d85\u8d8a\u552f\u8b58\u4e4b\u5c64\u6b21\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\">3\u3001\u963f\u8cf4\u8036\u8207\u6cd5\u8eab\u4e4b\u8fa8\u5225\u53ca\u5176\u5c0d\u6b62\u89c0\u5be6\u4fee\u4e4b\u610f\u7fa9<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000\"> \u752f\u746a\u6d3e\u5927\u5713\u6eff\u53e3\u8a23\u90e8\u7684\u6559\u6cd5\uff0c\u5728\u898b\u5730\u4e0a\u5373\u8457\u91cd\u8fa8\u5225\u5fc3\u200b\u200b\uff08sems, citta\uff09\u8207\u672c\u89ba\uff08rig pa, vidy\u0101\uff09\u3001\u963f\u8cf4\u8036<span style=\"color: #0000ff\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff\" href=\"#_ftn41\" name=\"_ftnref41\">[41]<\/a><\/span>\uff08kun gzhi, \u0101laya\uff09\u8207\u6cd5\u8eab\uff08chos sku, dharmak\u0101ya\uff09\u7b49\u3002\u9f8d\u9752\u5df4\u65bc\u300a\u53e5\u7fa9\u85cf\u300b\u7b2c\u56db\u54c1\u89e3\u8aaa\u963f\u8cf4\u8036\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u96a8\u5373\u89e3\u8aaa\u6cd5\u8eab\u3001\u5fc3\u3001\u667a\uff0c\u7531\u6b64\u800c\u8fa8\u5225\u963f\u8cf4\u8036\u8207\u6cd5\u8eab\u3001\u5fc3\u8207\u667a\uff0c\u81f3\u65bc\u5f8c\u8005\uff0c\u4ed6\u9084\u53e6\u9020\u6709\u4e00\u5c08\u8ad6\uff0c\u540d\u70ba\u300a\u5fc3\u8207\u667a\u4e4b\u7b54\u554f\u300b\uff08Sems dang ye shes kyi dris lan\uff09<span style=\"color: #0000ff\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff\" href=\"#_ftn42\" name=\"_ftnref42\">[42]<\/a><\/span> \u3002\u9019\u4e00\u50b3\u7d71\u5728\u5f8c\u4e16\u752f\u746a\u6d3e\u4e0a\u5e2b\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u4e2d\u85aa\u706b\u76f8\u50b3\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u8f03\u70ba\u5178\u578b\u7684\u6709\u7121\u754f\u6d32\u5c0a\u8005\u6240\u9020\u4e4b\u300a\u5927\u5713\u6eff\u4e09\u8981\u8fa8\u5225\u300b\uff08rDzogs pa chen po&#8217;i gnad gsum shan &#8216;byed\uff09\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4f9d\u6b21\u8fa8\u5225\u963f\u8cf4\u8036\u8207\u6cd5\u8eab\u3001\u5fc3\u8207\u672c\u89ba\u3001\u6b62\u8207\u89c0\uff1b\u81f3\u65bc\u6467\u9b54\u6d32\u5c0a\u8005\u4e4b\u300a\u73fe\u8b49\u81ea\u6027\u5927\u5713\u6eff\u672c\u4f86\u9762\u76ee\u6559\u6388\u2022\u7121\u4fee\u4f5b\u9053\u300b\uff08Rang bzhin rdzogs pa chen po&#8217;i rang zhal mngon du byed pa&#8217;i gdams pa ma bsgom sangs rgyas\uff09\u5247\u958b\u6f14\u51fa\u56db\u91cd\u8fa8\u5225\uff0c\u4f9d\u6b21\u70ba\u5fc3\u8207\u672c\u89ba\u3001\u610f\u8207\u822c\u82e5\u3001\u8b58\u8207\u667a\u3001\u963f\u8cf4\u8036\u8207\u6cd5\u8eab\u3002<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000\"> \u63a5\u4e0b\u4f86\uff0c\u7b46\u8005\u5c07\u8457\u91cd\u8a0e\u8ad6\u963f\u8cf4\u8036\u8207\u6cd5\u8eab\u4e4b\u8fa8\u5225\u3002\u9f8d\u9752\u5df4\u65bc\u300a\u53e5\u7fa9\u85cf\u300b\u4e2d\u4e3b\u8981\u4f9d\u53e3\u8a23\u90e8\u5341\u4e03\u7e8c\u4f86\u89e3\u8aaa\u6cd5\u8eab\u7279\u5fb5\uff0c\u6b78\u96c6\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u6cd5\u8eab\u70ba\u4e0d\u53d7\u8f2a\u8ff4\u67d3\u6c61\u4e4b\u672c\u89ba\uff0c\u96e2\u8af8\u6232\u8ad6\uff0c\u660e\u7a7a\u7121\u5225\uff0c\u4e14\u6cd5\u723e\u5177\u8db3\u529f\u5fb7\uff0c\u4efb\u904b\u6210\u5c31\u4e00\u5207\u4e8b\u696d\uff0c\u82e5\u4f9d\u4e09\u53e5\u7fa9\u6289\u64c7\u5176\u6027\u76f8\uff0c\u5247\u53ef\u8aaa\u70ba\uff1a\u9ad4\u6027\u672c\u6de8\uff08ngo bo ka dag\uff09\u3001\u81ea\u76f8\u4efb\u904b\uff08rang bzhin lhun grub\uff09\u3001\u5927\u60b2\u5468\u904d\uff08thugs rje kun khyab\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\">\u7121\u754f\u6d32\u65bc\u300a\u5927\u5713\u6eff\u4e09\u8981\u8fa8\u5225\u300b\u4e2d\u627f\u9f8d\u9752\u5df4\u4e4b\u300a\u53e5\u7fa9\u85cf\u300b\u6240\u8aaa\uff0c\u4f9d\u6b21\u8fa8\u5225\u963f\u8cf4\u8036\u8207\u6cd5\u8eab\u3001\u5fc3\u8b58\u8207\u672c\u89ba\u3001\u5bc2\u6b62\u8207\u52dd\u89c0\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5c0d\u963f\u8cf4\u8036\u8207\u6cd5\u8eab\u8fa8\u5225\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\">\u963f\u8cf4\u8036\u70ba\u4e00\u5207\u8f2a\u6d85\u57fa \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u5f7c\u8207\u6e3e\u6fc1\u4e4b\u6c34\u7121\u5206\u5225<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000\"> \u65bc\u6b64\u96a8\u7720\u611a\u7661\u660f\u6627\u4e2d \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u89ba\u6027\u672c\u667a\u660e\u5206\u6210\u96b1\u853d<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000\"> \u6cd5\u8eab\u7336\u5982\u7121\u6fc1\u6f84\u6de8\u6c34 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u672c\u5177\u9060\u96e2\u5ba2\u5875\u4e4b\u81ea\u6027<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000\"> \u4e00\u5207\u89e3\u812b\u529f\u5fb7\u4e4b\u9ad4\u6027\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u7121\u6709\u985b\u5012\u8ff7\u4e82\u4e4b\u672c\u667a<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000\"> \u662f\u6545\u6cd5\u8eab\u9060\u96e2\u7121\u8a18\u5206 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u7336\u5982\u5206\u96e2\u6f84\u6c34\u8207\u6e23\u6ed3<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000\"> \u56b4\u5be6\u6301\u5b88\u81ea\u8b49\u6cd5\u8eab\u754c \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u6f84\u660e\u800c\u89c0\u7121\u57a2\u672c\u667a\u754c<span style=\"color: #0000ff\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff\" href=\"#_ftn43\" name=\"_ftnref43\">[43]<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\">\u9019\u6bb5\u5048\u980c\u5e38\u70ba\u5f8c\u4e16\u8ad6\u5e2b\u5fb5\u5f15\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u9ede\u51fa\u4e86\u963f\u8cf4\u8036\u8207\u6cd5\u8eab\u6700\u6839\u672c\u7684\u5dee\u5225\uff0c\u963f\u8cf4\u8036\u4ee5\u7121\u660e\u4e4b\u660f\u6627\u800c\u4ee4\u672c\u667a\u4e4b\u660e\u5206\u53d7\u969c\uff0c\u6545\u800c\u5982\u6e3e\u6c34\uff0c\u800c\u6cd5\u8eab\u5247\u9060\u96e2\u5ba2\u5875\uff0c\u4e14\u80fd\u6f84\u660e\u986f\u73fe\u4e00\u5207\u660e\u76f8\uff0c\u6545\u800c\u5982\u6e05\u6c34\u3002\u5c0d\u6b64\uff0c\u6467\u9b54\u6d32\u65bc\u300a\u7121\u4fee\u4f5b\u9053\u300b\u4e2d\u8aaa\u5f97\u66f4\u70ba\u900f\u5fb9<span style=\"color: #0000ff\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff\" href=\"#_ftn44\" name=\"_ftnref44\">[44]<\/a><\/span> \uff1a<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000\"> \u7531\u7121\u660e\u800c\u4ee4\u672c\u59cb\u57fa\u88ab\u969c\u8005\uff0c\u6b86\u70ba\u963f\u8cf4\u8036\u7121\u7591\u3002\u963f\u8cf4\u8036\u5982\u74f6\u4e2d\u4e4b\u9811\u7a7a\uff0c\u7121\u601d\u4ea6\u7121\u660e\u76f8\u986f\u73fe\uff0c\u6709\u5982\u660f\u7761\u6216\u5931\u77e5\u89ba\u5883\u200b\u200b\u754c\u3002\u5b8c\u5168\u6c89\u6eef\u65bc\u6b64\u5883\u754c\u8005\u5373\u201c\u75f4\u201d\u4e4b\u81ea\u6027\uff0c\u4ea6\u5373\u7121\u660e\u4e4b\u5ee3\u5927\u6d41\u8f49\u986f\u73fe\u3002<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000\"> \u6467\u9b54\u6d32\u5fa9\u8a00\uff0c\u6cd5\u8eab\u4e43\u672c\u59cb\u57fa\u4e4b\u9ad4\u6027\u3001\u8f2a\u8ff4\u6d85\u69c3\u4e4b\u5e73\u7b49\u6e05\u6de8\uff0c\u963f\u8cf4\u8036\u8005\uff0c\u5373\u4e0d\u660e\u6b64\u672c\u6de8\u672c\u59cb\u57fa\u4e4b\u9ad4\u6027<span style=\"color: #0000ff\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff\" href=\"#_ftn45\" name=\"_ftnref45\">[45]<\/a><\/span> \u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\">\u4e0a\u5f15\u9f8d\u9752\u5df4\u76f4\u81f3\u6467\u9b54\u6d32\u4e00\u7cfb\u7684\u8ad6\u5178\u4e43\u5f9e\u898b\u5730\u4e0a\u5c0d\u963f\u8cf4\u8036\u8207\u6cd5\u8eab\u4f5c\u6289\u64c7\uff0c\u81f3\u65bc\u8a72\u6289\u64c7\u898b\u5982\u4f55\u914d\u5408\u5be6\u4fee\uff0c\u5247\u61c9\u53c3\u8003\u4e0d\u6557\u5c0a\u8005\u6240\u9020\u4e4b\u300a\u5177\u8b49\u9577\u8001\u76f4 \u6307\u5fc3\u6027\u6559\u6388\u2022\u9664\u6697\u660e\u71c8\u300b\uff08rTogs ldan rgan po rnams kyi lugs sems ngo mdzub tshugs kyi gdams pa mun sel sgron me bzhugs so\uff09\uff0c\u8a72\u8ad6\u5728\u8fd1\u73fe\u4ee3\u752f\u746a\u6d3e\u5167\u4eab\u6709\u5f88\u9ad8\u7684\u77e5\u540d\u5ea6\uff0c\u591a\u4f4d\u91cd\u8981\u4e0a\u5e2b\u66fe\u70ba\u5176\u9020\u91cb\u8ad6<span style=\"color: #0000ff\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff\" href=\"#_ftn46\" name=\"_ftnref46\">[46]<\/a><\/span>\u3002\u4e0d\u6557\u5c0a\u8005\u65bc\u8ad6\u8dcb\u4e2d\u6307\u51fa\u9020\u8ad6\u76ee\u7684\u4e43\u70ba\u8af8\u5728\u5bb6\u4fee\u7fd2\u3001\u4e0d\u80fd\u7cbe\u52e4\u65bc\u805e\u601d\u4e4b\u745c\u4f3d\u58eb\u958b\u793a\u76f4\u6307\u5fc3\u6027\u4e4b\u53e3\u8a23\uff0c\u672c\u8ad6\u958b\u7bc7\u5373\u6307\u51fa\u884c\u4eba\u65bc\u81ea\u7136\u5b89\u4f4f\u65bc\u7121\u5ff5\u72c0\u614b\u6642\uff0c\u5c07\u751f\u8d77\u975e\u5584\u975e\u60e1\u4e4b\u4e2d\u5eb8\u660f\u6627\u5fc3\u8b58\uff0c\u9019\u4e00\u5fc3\u5206\u53ef\u5b89\u7acb\u70ba\u7121\u660e\u8207\u7121\u8a18\uff0c\u662f\u70ba\u963f\u8cf4\u8036\u5883\u754c\u3002\u884c\u4eba\u82e5\u6eef\u65bc\u6b64\uff0c\u5247\u552f\u56f0\u65bc\u7121\u5206\u5225\u4e4b\u8b58\u5883\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u751f\u8d77\u7121\u5206\u5225\u667a\uff0c\u4e14\u6c38\u7121\u89e3\u812b\u4e4b\u53ef\u80fd\uff0c\u70ba\u51fa\u96e2\u6b64\u963f\u8cf4\u8036\u5883\u754c\u800c\u8da3\u8b49\u6cd5\u8eab\u672c\u89ba\uff0c\u5c0a\u8005\u958b\u793a\u51fa\u4e09\u652f\u53e3\u8a23\uff1a<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000\"> 1\u3001\u201c\u958b\u555f\u7121\u660e\u86cb\u6bbc\u4e4b\u53e3\u8a23\u201d\uff0c\u610f\u5373\u884c\u4eba\u65bc\u803d\u8457\u65bc\u963f\u8cf4\u8036\u5883\u754c\u6642\uff0c\u9808\u201c\u89ba\u5bdf\u6b64\u7121\u6240\u5ff5\u4e14\u4e0d\u6563\u9038\u4e4b\u660f\u6627\u5fc3\u8b58\u201d\uff0c\u4e14\u201c\u5c07\u80fd\u77e5\u5c0d\u5883\u4e4b\u5fc3\u5206\u8207\u5b89\u4f4f\u65bc\u7121\u5ff5\u4e4b\u5fc3\u5206\uff0c\u7f6e\u65bc\u81ea\u5fc3\u4e2d\u81ea\u7136\u800c\u89c0\u7167\u201d\uff0c\u5f9e\u800c\u8da3\u5165\u6f84\u660e\u4e4b\u89ba\u6027\u5883\u754c\uff0c\u4e26\u7576\u4e0b\u5373\u5c0d\u81ea\u5fc3\u4f5c\u6c7a\u65b7\uff0c\u5982\u662f\u5373\u53ef\u81ea\u7136\u73fe\u8d77\u672c\u89ba\u667a\uff0c\u4e14\u6de8\u9664\u660f\u6627\u4e4b\u9ed1\u6697\u3002\u4e0d\u6557\u5c0a\u8005\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u660f\u6627\u9ed1\u6697\u4e4b\u5fc3\u8b58\u8207\u6f84\u660e\u901a\u900f\u4e4b\u672c\u89ba\u96d6\u7136\u90fd\u96e2\u8a00\u8aaa\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u524d\u8005\u4e00\u7121\u6240\u77e5\uff0c\u7121\u53ef\u6c7a\u65b7\uff0c\u5f8c\u8005\u70ba\u8d64\u88f8\u4e4b\u89ba\u5206\u5149\u660e\u6cd5\u8eab\u5883\u754c\uff0c\u6545\u53ef\u6c7a\u65b7\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5c0d\u65bc\u6240\u8b02\u7684\u201c\u5e73\u5e38\u8b58\u201d\u3001\u201c\u4e0d\u4f5c\u610f\u201d\u3001\u201c\u96e2\u8a00\u8aaa\u201d\uff0c\u5c0a\u8005\u7279\u610f\u8b66\u9192\u884c\u4eba\u8981\u5c0d\u5176\u4ed4\u7d30\u89c0\u5bdf\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5176\u4e2d\u6709\u771f\u3001\u5984\u5169\u500b\u5c64\u6b21\uff0c\u5dee\u5225\u751a\u5927\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\">2\u3001\u201c\u65b7\u9664\u751f\u6b7b\u7db2\u4e4b\u53e3\u8a23\u201d\uff0c\u5b89\u4f4f\u5fc3\u6027\u6642\uff0c\u884c\u4eba\u6613\u58ae\u5165\u843d\u908a\u4e4b\u4fee\u7fd2\uff0c\u82e5\u58ae\u201c\u660e\u201d\u908a\uff0c\u5247\u56f0\u65bc\u5fc3\u8b58\u523b\u610f\u9020\u4f5c\u4e4b\u6f84\u660e\u5883\u200b\u200b\u754c\uff0c\u82e5\u58ae\u201c\u7a7a\u201d\u908a\uff0c\u5247\u5fc3\u8b58\u57f7\u8457\u65bc\u9811\u7a7a\uff0c\u4e8c\u8005\u7686\u70ba\u8caa\u57f7\u4e8c\u53d6\u89ba\u53d7\uff0c\u6b64\u6642\u7576\u53cd\u89c0\u660e\u8207\u7a7a\u3001\u57f7\u660e\u8005\u8207\u57f7\u7a7a\u8005\u4e4b\u5fc3\u76f8\u7e8c\uff0c\u5982\u662f\u5373\u53ef\u9063\u9664\u4e8c\u53d6\u57f7\u8457\uff0c\u5f9e\u800c\u4ee4\u660e\u7a7a\u96d9\u904b\u4e4b\u96e2\u908a\u672c\u89ba\u73fe\u524d\u3002\u4e39\u8c9d\u65fa\u65ed\u5c0a\u8005\u65bc\u5176\u91cb\u8ad6\u4e2d\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u58ae\u201c\u660e\u201d\u908a\u8005\u8ff7\u5931\u65bc\u4e94\u9580\u8b58\u8207\u963f\u8cf4\u8036\u8b58\uff0c\u800c\u58ae\u201c\u7a7a\u201d\u908a\u8005\u5247\u8ff7\u5931\u65bc\u963f\u8cf4\u8036\u5883\u754c\uff0c\u6b63\u5982\u9f8d\u9752\u5df4\u300a\u5927\u8eca\u758f\u300b\u6240\u8a00\uff0c\u7121\u8272\u754c\u6709\u60c5\u4ee5\u963f\u8cf4\u8036\u70ba\u4e3b\uff0c\u6545\u800c\u9019\u7a2e\u5931\u53bb\u660e\u5206\uff08gsal cha\uff09\u7684\u57f7\u7a7a\u4fee\u7fd2\u5f80\u5f80\u6210\u70ba\u5f80\u751f\u7121\u8272\u754c\u7684\u56e0\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\">3\u3001\u201c\u5b89\u4f4f\u65bc\u5982\u865b\u7a7a\u4e4b\u5e73\u7b49\u6027\u4e4b\u53e3\u8a23\u201d\uff0c\u884c\u4eba\u82e5\u65bc\u672c\u89ba\u5df2\u6709\u6240\u9ad4\u8b49\uff0c\u5247\u9700\u8b77\u6301\u5176\u6b63\u5ff5\u4e4b\u76f8\u7e8c\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u5728\u8b49\u91cf\u5805\u7a69\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80\u6709\u7a2e\u7a2e\u865b\u5984\u4e0d\u5b9a\u4e4b\u89ba\u53d7\uff0c\u4e0d\u6557\u5c0a\u8005\u7f85\u5217\u51fa\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u5178\u578b\u7684\u4ee3\u8868\uff0c\u5982\u6a02\u3001\u660e\u3001\u7121\u5ff5\u3001\u7c97\u91cd\u4e0d\u6085\u3001\u67d4\u548c\u6085\u610f\u3001\u5206\u5225\u96dc\u5ff5\u731b\u70c8\u3001\u4e0d\u80fd\u8fa8\u5225\u660f\u6627\u8207\u6f84\u660e\u7b49\u7b49\uff0c\u6b64\u7b49\u89ba\u53d7\u51fa\u73fe\u6642\uff0c\u884c\u4eba\u6216\u56e0\u4e0d\u80fd\u81ea\u8fa8\u800c\u8aa4\u5165\u6b67\u9014\uff0c\u6216\u56e0\u9000\u5931\u4fe1\u5fc3\u800c\u653e\u68c4\u89c0\u4fee\u3002\u5c0a\u8005\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u6b64\u6642\u4e0d\u61c9\u7169\u8e81\uff0c\u4ea6\u4e0d\u53ef\u5c08\u57f7\u65bc\u9019\u4e9b\u5883\u754c\uff0c\u552f\u61c9\u4e0d\u6368\u6b63\u5ff5\uff0c\u9b06\u7dca\u9069\u4e2d\uff0c\u8b77\u6301\u81ea\u9053\u3002\u590d\u4f9d\u4e0a\u5e2b\u4e4b\u53e3\u8a23\u8fa8\u5225\u672c\u89ba\u8207\u7121\u660e\u3001\u963f\u8cf4\u8036\u8207\u6cd5\u8eab\u3001\u8b58\u8207\u667a\uff0c\u7531\u6b64\u898b\u5730\u4e4b\u6289\u64c7\u800c\u4ee4\u5fc3\u8b58\u5b89\u4f4f\u65bc\u672c\u4f4d\uff0c\u6b64\u6642\u4e0d\u53ef\u4f5c\u610f\u4f3a\u5bdf\u81ea\u5df1\u6240\u4fee\u8005\u662f\u667a\u9084\u662f\u8b58\uff0c\u4e00\u4f5c\u4f3a\u5bdf\uff0c\u5fc5\u751f\u53d6\u6368\uff0c\u4ea6\u4e0d\u53ef\u53cd\u590d\u6bd4\u7167\u66f8\u672c\u7406\u8ad6\u4ee5\u4f5c\u908f\u8f2f\u601d\u8fa8\uff0c\u9019\u6a23\u6703\u4ee4\u884c\u4eba\u96e3\u812b\u540d\u8a00\u53e5\u7fa9\uff0c\u4ee5\u81f4\u5c0d\u6b62\u89c0\u9020\u6210\u969c\u7919\u3002\u6b63\u5ff5\u4e4b\u6d41\u5805\u7a69\u5f8c\uff0c\u5247\u85c9\u81ea\u6027\u5149\u660e\u4e4b\u6b62\u89c0\u73fe\u8b49\u5927\u5713\u6eff\u5bc6\u610f\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\">\u4e0a\u4f86\u4e09\u652f\u53e3\u8a23\u4e43\u96a8\u9806\u884c\u4eba\u4fee\u8b49\u4e4b\u6b21\u7b2c\u800c\u92ea\u8a2d\uff0c\u84cb\u56e0\u6bcf\u4e00\u91cd\u89c0\u4fee\u7686\u6709\u5176\u6b63\u9053\uff08yang dag pa&#8217;i lam\uff09\u548c\u6b67\u8def\uff08gol sa\uff09\uff0c\u6b64\u8655\u6240\u906e\u4e4b\u6b67\u8def\u5373\u963f\u8cf4\u8036\uff0c\u4ea6\u5373\u300a\u5927\u8eca\u758f\u300b\u4e2d\u6240\u8aaa\u4e4b\u7a2e\u7a2e\u7fd2\u6c23\u963f\u8cf4\u8036\u3002\u4e0d\u6557\u5c0a\u8005\u9019\u4e00\u7bc7\u8ad6\u5be6\u53ef\u4f5c\u70ba\u7121\u754f\u6d32\u300a\u5927\u5713\u6eff\u4e09\u8981\u8fa8\u5225\u300b\u7684\u8a3b\u8173\uff0c\u7121\u754f\u6d32\u4e4b\u5bc6\u610f\u65bc\u672c\u8ad6\u4e2d\u5df2\u5f97\u5230\u8a73\u76e1\u767c\u63ee\uff0c\u900f\u904e\u672c\u8ad6\uff0c\u53ef\u77e5\u7956\u5e2b\u5c0d\u963f\u8cf4\u8036\u8207\u6cd5\u8eab\u4e4b\u8fa8\u5225\u4e26\u975e\u662f\u6beb\u7121\u6839\u64da\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u8aaa\u6559\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u8207\u5be6\u4fee\u5bc6\u5207\u914d\u5408\u4e4b\u6289\u64c7\u898b\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">\u56db<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\">\u4e0a\u4f86\u901a\u904e\u5c0d\u963f\u8cf4\u8036\u5b78\u8aaa\u7684\u8d77\u6e90\u53ca\u767c\u5c55\u7684\u68b3\u7406\uff0c\u7c21\u8981\u5448\u73fe\u4e86\u963f\u8cf4\u8036\u4e4b\u5167\u6db5\u7684\u6f14\u8b8a\u6b77\u7a0b\uff0c\u4e26\u5728\u6f22\u571f\u5b78\u754c\u719f\u77e5\u7684\u50b3\u7d71\u8a6e\u91cb\u57fa\u790e\u4e0a\uff0c\u4ecb\u7d39\u4e86\u85cf\u50b3\u4f5b\u6559\u752f\u746a\u6d3e\u5c0d\u963f\u8cf4\u8036\u7684\u4e0d\u5171\u5b89\u7acb\uff0c\u7b46\u8005\u901a\u904e\u8003\u5bdf\u9f8d\u9752\u5df4\u7b49\u91cd\u8981\u4e0a\u5e2b\u7684\u76f8\u95dc\u8ad6\u8457\uff0c\u5c0d\u963f\u8cf4\u8036\u8207\u963f\u8cf4\u8036\u8b58\u4e4b\u5340\u5225\u3001\u963f\u8cf4\u8036\u4e4b\u5b9a\u7fa9\u8207\u5224\u5225\u4f5c\u4e86\u7cfb\u7d71\u7684\u8aaa\u660e\uff0c\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u5176\u9593\u7684\u8108\u7d61\u3001\u95dc\u806f\u8207\u7570\u540c\uff0c\u4e26\u5c0d\u5176\u4f5c\u51fa\u521d\u6b65\u7684\u89e3\u91cb\u3002\u6700\u5f8c\uff0c\u901a\u904e\u5206\u6790\u963f\u8cf4\u8036\u8207\u6cd5\u8eab\u4e4b\u8fa8\u5225\u53ca\u8a72\u8fa8\u5225\u8207\u5be6\u4fee\u4e4b\u95dc\u9023\uff0c\u63ed\u793a\u51fa\u570d\u7e5e\u963f\u8cf4\u8036\u800c\u5c55\u958b\u7684\u898b\u5730\u6289\u64c7\u4ee5\u53ca\u5be6\u969b\u4fee\u6301\u7684\u8981\u9ede\u3002\u6f22\u571f\u5b78\u754c\u5c0d\u85cf\u50b3\u4f5b\u6559\u4e2d\u7684\u963f\u8cf4\u8036\u5b78\u8aaa\u8a8d\u8b58\u5c1a\u5f85\u6df1\u5165\uff0c\u672c\u6587\u6240\u4f5c\u4e4b\u63a2\u7d22\u6027\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u6216\u53ef\u4f5c\u70ba\u62cb\u78da\u5f15\u7389\u4e4b\u7528\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><span style=\"color: #000000\"><strong>\u9644\u9304<\/strong><strong>1<\/strong><strong>\uff1a<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000\"> <strong>\u300a\u5927\u5713\u6eff\u5fc3\u6027\u4f11\u606f\u5927\u8eca\u758f\u300b\u7bc0\u8b6f<\/strong><strong><br \/>\n<\/strong>rDzogs pa chen po sems nyid ngal gso&#8217;i &#8216;grel pa shing rta chen po<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">\u9f8d\u9752\u5df4 \u9020<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000\"> \u694a\u6770 \u8b6f<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">\u8f2a\u8ff4\u8207\u6d85\u69c3\u7686\u4ee5\u7a2e\u5b50\u4e4b\u5f62\u5f0f\u4f9d\u65bc\u963f\u8cf4\u8036\uff0c\u300a\u6587\u6b8a\u7121\u57a2\u667a\u7d93\u300b\uff08\u2019Jam dpal ye shes dri ma med pa\u2019i mdo\uff09\u4e91\uff1a<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000\"> \u963f\u8cf4\u8036\u70ba\u4e00\u5207\u57fa \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u8f2a\u8ff4\u6d85\u69c3\u6e05\u6de8\u57fa<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000\"> \u65bc\u6cd5\u754c\u771f\u5982\u4e2d\uff0c\u5c07\u963f\u8cf4\u8036\u8996\u70ba\u5206\u57fa\uff08dbye gzhi\uff09<span style=\"color: #0000ff\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff\" href=\"#_ftn47\" name=\"_ftnref47\">[47]<\/a><\/span> \uff0c\u4ee5\u5176\u70ba\u7121\u6709\u5206\u5225\u4e4b\u7121\u8a18\u6cd5\uff08lung ma bstan\uff09\u6545\u3002\u57fa\u65bc\u5176\u672c\u6027\uff0c\u5f9e\u672c\u4f86\u7121\u70ba\u3001\u6cd5\u723e\u4efb\u904b\u4e4b\u672c\u89ba\u89d2\u5ea6\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u5373\u540d\u70ba\u201c\u95dc\u806f\u771f\u5be6\u963f\u8cf4\u8036\u201d\uff08sbyor ba don dyi kun gzhi\uff09\uff1b\u57fa\u65bc\u7121\u660e\uff0c\u5f9e\u8f2a\u8ff4\u8af8\u6cd5\u3001\u516b\u8b58\u805a\u53ca\u8af8\u7fd2\u6c23\u7686\u4ee5\u5176\u70ba\u57fa\u4e4b\u89d2\u5ea6\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u5247\u540d\u70ba\u201c\u7a2e\u7a2e\u7fd2\u6c23\u963f\u8cf4\u8036\u201d\uff08bag chags sna tshogs pa&#8217;i kun gzhi\uff09\uff0c\u4e00\u5207\u5584\u4e0d\u5584\u81ea\u6027\u4e4b\u6709\u70ba\u6cd5\u7686\u4f9d\u4e4b\u800c\u986f\u73fe\u7a2e\u7a2e\u82e6\u6a02\u3002\u63db\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u96a8\u9806\u798f\u5fb7\u5206\u4e4b\u4e00\u5207\u56e0\u679c\u7686\u4f9d\u65bc\uff08\u963f\u8cf4\u8036\uff09\uff0c\u96a8\u9806\u89e3\u812b\u5206\u4e4b\u4e00\u5207\u5584\u6cd5\u4ea6\u4f9d\u65bc\uff08\u963f\u8cf4\u8036\uff09\uff0c\uff08\u89e3\u812b\u5206\uff09\u4e4b\u96e2\u57a2\u679c\uff08dri ma&#8217;i bral &#8216;bras \uff09\u4f9d\u65bc\u4f5b\u6027\u3002<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000\"> \u5ee3\u8aaa\u5176\u7406\u2014\u2014<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000\"> \uff08\u96a8\uff09\u8f2a\u8ff4\u56e0\u679c\u4e4b\u4e0d\u5584\u696d\u3001\uff08\u96a8\u798f\u5fb7\u5206\uff09\u4e4b\u52a3\u5584\u696d\u3001\u96a8\u89e3\u812b\u5206\u4e4b\u6d85\u69c3\u6240\u96e2\u56e0\uff08bral bya&#8217;i rgyu\uff09\u3001\u4e00\u5207\u73fe\u8b49\u89e3\u812b\u4e4b\u696d\u9053\u6089\u7686\u4f9d\u65bc\u7121\u8a18\u4e4b\u963f\u8cf4\u8036\u3002\u5fa9\u6b21\uff0c\u96a8\u9806\u89e3\u812b\u5206\u4e4b\u5584\u6cd5\u7686\u70ba\u9053\u8ae6\u6240\u651d\u4e4b\u66ab\u751f\u6709\u70ba\u6cd5\uff0c\u6545\u4ee5\u96e2\u56e0\uff08bral rgyu\uff09\u4e4b\u65b9\u5f0f\u4f9d\u65bc\u7a2e\u7a2e\u7fd2\u6c23\u963f\u8cf4\u8036\uff0c\u5176\u96e2\u679c\uff08bral &#8216;bras\uff09\u4f9d\u65bc\u4f5b\u6027\uff0c\u6b64\u5982\u96f2\u80fd\u969c\u65e5\uff0c\u6545\u70ba\u6240\u6de8\uff08dag bya\uff09\uff0c\u800c\u6b64\u6240\u6de8\u4ea6\u4f9d\u65bc\u6e05\u6de8\u4e4b\u65e5\u3002 \u300a\u5bf6\u6027\u8ad6\u300b\u4e91<span style=\"color: #0000ff\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff\" href=\"#_ftn48\" name=\"_ftnref48\">[48]<\/a> <\/span>\uff1a<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000\"> \u5730\u754c\u4f9d\u6c34\u4f4f \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u6c34\u5fa9\u4f9d\u65bc\u98a8<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000\"> \u98a8\u4f9d\u65bc\u865b\u7a7a\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u7a7a\u4e0d\u4f9d\u5730\u7b49<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000\"> \u860a\u754c\u53ca\u8af8\u6839\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u4f9d\u7169\u60f1\u8207\u696d<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000\"> \u8af8\u7169\u60f1\u8207\u696d\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u4f9d\u975e\u7406\u4f5c\u610f<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000\"> \u4f9d\u975e\u7406\u4f5c\u610f\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u4f9d\u5fc3\u6e05\u6de8\u6027<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000\"> \u7136\u6b64\u5fc3\u672c\u6027 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u4e0d\u4f4f\u5f7c\u8af8\u6cd5<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000\"> \u5982\u662f\uff0c\u5982\u865b\u7a7a\u822c\u6cd5\u723e\u6e05\u6de8\u4e4b\u5fc3\u6027\u4e0a\uff0c\u6e05\u6de8\u4f5b\u524e\u53ca\u672c\u5177\u4e4b\u529f\u5fb7\u4ee5\u4e8c\u7a2e\u6027\u4e4b\u65b9\u5f0f\u4f4f\u65bc\u96e2\u57fa\uff08bral ba&#8217;i gzhi\uff09\u4e2d\uff0c\u6b64\u96e2\u57fa\u5373\u7121\u59cb\u5584\u6cd5\u754c\uff08thog ma med pa&#8217;i chos khams dge ba\uff09\uff0c\u5176\u70ba\u6d85\u69c3\u4e4b\u6240\u4f9d\u3002\u65bc\u6b64\u7576\u77e5\u96e2\u57fa\u3001\u96e2\u56e0\u3001\u96e2\u679c\u3001\u6240\u96e2\u56db\u8005\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u96e2\u57fa\u70ba\uff08\u4f5b\uff09\u6027\uff08khams\uff09 <span style=\"color: #0000ff\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff\" href=\"#_ftn49\" name=\"_ftnref49\">[49]<\/a><\/span>\u6216\uff08\u5982\u4f86\uff09\u85cf\uff0c\u96e2\u56e0\u5373\u80fd\u6de8\uff08\u5982\u4f86\u85cf\uff09\u4e0a\u57a2\u67d3\u4e4b\u96a8\u89e3\u812b\u5206\u5584\u9053\uff0c\u96e2\u679c\u70ba\u5982\u4f86\u85cf\u76e1\u96e2\u8af8\u57a2\u4e14\u529f\u5fb7\u73fe\u524d\uff0c\u6240\u96e2\u70ba\u4f9d\u65bc\u7a2e\u7a2e\u7fd2\u6c23\u963f\u8cf4\u8036\u4e4b\u516b\u8b58\u805a\u53ca\u7fd2\u6c23\u3002\u82e5\u4f9d\u5bc6\u5492\uff08\u4e58\uff09\uff0c\u5247\u6b64\u56db\u8005\u53ef\u540d\u70ba\u6de8\u57fa\uff08sbyang gzhi\uff09\u3001\u80fd\u6de8\uff08sbyong byed\uff09\u3001\u6de8\u679c\uff08sbyangs &#8216;bras\uff09\u3001\u6240\u6de8\uff08sbyang bya\uff09\uff0c\u540d\u96d6\u76f8\u7570\uff0c\u7fa9\u5247\u540c\u4e00\u3002\u5982\u662f\u672c\u6027\u4e2d\uff0c\u7121\u660e\u4e4b\u81ea\u6027\u5373\u7a2e\u7a2e\u7fd2\u6c23\u963f\u8cf4\u8036\uff0c\u4e0d\u6de8\u8f2a\u8ff4\u4e4b\u56e0\u3001\u8b58\u805a\u4ee5\u53ca\u96a8\u89e3\u812b\u5206\u4e4b\u6709\u70ba\u5584\u6cd5\u7686\u4ee5\u7121\u6240\u4f9d\u4e4b\u65b9\u5f0f\u9577\u4e45\u4f9d\u65bc\u7a2e\u7a2e\u7fd2\u6c23\u963f\u8cf4\u8036\u3002<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000\"> \u5fa9\u6b21\uff0c\u5c31\u6d85\u69c3\u529f\u5fb7\u4f9d\u65bc\uff08\u963f\u8cf4\u8036\uff09\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u5247\u540d\u70ba\u95dc\u806f\u771f\u5be6\u963f\u8cf4\u8036\uff0c\u9ad4\u6027\u70ba\u7a7a\uff0c\u81ea\u76f8\u5149\u660e\uff0c\u5927\u60b2\u5468\u904d\uff0c\u5982\u5982\u610f\u5bf6\u822c\u4efb\u904b\u6210\u5c31\u529f\u5fb7\uff0c\u7121\u57a2\u7121\u96e2\u57a2\uff0c\u4ea6\u540d\u70ba\u672c\u4f86\u5149\u660e\u3001\u8eab\u667a\u7121\u96e2\u5408\u4e4b\u5bc6\u610f\u5be6\u76f8\uff08ye nas &#8216;od gsal ba sku dang ye shes &#8216;du &#8216;bral med pa&#8217;i dgongs pa gnas lugs\uff09\u3002<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000\"> \u5f9e\u81ea\u6027\u6e05\u6de8\u4e4b\u89d2\u5ea6\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u96d6\u53ef\u65bd\u8a2d\u70ba\u5982\u865b\u7a7a\u3001\u7121\u76f8\u3001\u7a7a\u6027\u3001\u73fe\u524d\u7121\u70ba\u7b49\uff0c\u7136\u5176\u4e26\u975e\u4e00\u7121\u6240\u6709\u4e4b\u65b7\u6ec5\u7a7a\uff0c\u5f7c\u80fd\u4efb\u904b\u6210\u5c31\u8eab\u667a\u5149\u660e\u4e4b\u5bc6\u610f\uff0c\u4ee5\u5176\u89e3\u812b\u8f2a\u8ff4\u8af8\u6cd5\u6545\u8aaa\u70ba\u7a7a\uff0c\u300a\u5bc6\u56b4\u7d93\u300b\u6709\u4e91<span style=\"color: #0000ff\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff\" href=\"#_ftn50\" name=\"_ftnref50\">[50]<\/a><\/span>\uff1a<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000\"> \u768e\u6f54\u4e4b\u6708\u8f2a \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u6046\u7121\u57a2\u76c8\u6eff<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000\"> \u4e16\u9593\u4ee5\u6642\u6545\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u5206\u5225\u6708\u76c8\u8667<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000\"> \u5982\u662f\u963f\u8cf4\u8036\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u6046\u5177\u5982\u4f86\u85cf<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000\"> \u4f5b\u8aaa\u5982\u4f86\u85cf\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u540d\u70ba\u963f\u8cf4\u8036<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000\"> \u51e1\u611a\u4e0d\u77e5\u6b64\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u4ee5\u8af8\u7fd2\u6c23\u6545<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000\"> \u898b\u7a2e\u7a2e\u82e6\u6a02\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u696d\u529b\u96dc\u67d3\u76f8<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000\"> \u81ea\u6027\u6de8\u7121\u57a2 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u529f\u5fb7\u5982\u5bf6\u73e0<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000\"> \u7121\u9077\u4ea6\u7121\u8b8a \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u901a\u9054\u5247\u89e3\u812b<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000\"> \u6148\u6c0f\u6709\u4e91<span style=\"color: #0000ff\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff\" href=\"#_ftn51\" name=\"_ftnref51\">[51]<\/a><\/span> \uff1a<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000\"> \u65bc\u6cd5\u7121\u6240\u6e1b\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u4ea6\u5fa9\u7121\u6240\u589e<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000\"> \u5982\u5be6\u898b\u771f\u5be6 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u898b\u6b64\u5f97\u89e3\u812b<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000\"> \u81f3\u82e5\u6b64\u963f\u8cf4\u8036\u4e4b\u7570\u540d\uff0c\u5247\u6709\u95dc\u806f\u771f\u5be6\u963f\u8cf4\u8036\u3001\u7121\u59cb\u5584\u6cd5\u754c\u3001\u5982\u4f86\u85cf\u3001\u4f5b\u6027\u3001\u5fc3\u4e4b\u81ea\u6027\u5149\u660e\u3001\u6cd5\u754c\u3001\u5be6\u76f8\u771f\u5982\u7fa9\u3001\u81ea\u6027\u6e05\u6de8\u4e4b\u771f\u5982\u3001\u822c\u82e5\u6ce2\u7f85\u871c\u591a\u7b49\u3002\u82e5\u5f9e\u6240\u4f9d\u57fa\u3001\u6e90\u982d\u3001\u96e2\u56e0\u7b49\u89d2\u5ea6\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u5247\u6709\u4e0d\u53ef\u601d\u8b70\u4e4b\uff08\u773e\u591a\uff09\u65bd\u8a2d\u3002<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000\"> \u5fa9\u6b21\uff0c\u82e5\u5f9e\u5fc3\u6027\u4e0a\u4e4b\u8f2a\u8ff4\u7fd2\u6c23\u89d2\u5ea6\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u5373\u540d\u70ba\u7a2e\u7a2e\u7fd2\u6c23\u963f\u8cf4\u8036\uff0c\u4f55\u4ee5\u6545\uff1f\u6b64\u56e0\u5584\u3001\u4e0d\u5584\u3001\u89e3\u812b\u3001\u6d85\u69c3\u4e4b\u696d\u672c\u4f86\u5373\u7121\u81ea\u6027\uff0c\u800c\uff08\u7a2e\u7a2e\u7fd2\u6c23\u963f\u8cf4\u8036\uff09\u53ef\u4f5c\u70ba\u6b64\u7b49\u66ab\u751f\uff08\u8af8\u696d\uff09\u7a4d\u805a\u4e4b\u6240\u4f9d\u3002\u5584\u4e0d\u5584\uff08\u696d\uff09\u4e8c\u8005\u7686\u4f9d\u65bc\u5f7c\uff0c\u4ee5\u5176\u9ad4\u6027\u70ba\u75f4\uff08gti mug\uff09\uff0c\u6545\u70ba\u7121\u8a18\u6cd5\u3002\u6709\u4eba\u8a8d\u70ba\uff08\u7a2e\u7a2e\u7fd2\u6c23\u963f\u8cf4\u8036\uff09\u4e26\u975e\u75f4\uff0c\u4ee5\u5176\u65e2\u53ef\u4f5c\u70ba\u4e94\u6bd2\u4e4b\u6240\u4f9d\uff0c\u4ea6\u53ef\u4f5c\u70ba\u6d85\u69c3\u4e4b\u6240\u4f9d\u6545\u3002\u7136\u6b64\u50c5\u70ba\u4e0d\u667a\u4e4b\u8a9e\uff0c\u4f55\u4ee5\u6545\uff1f\u6b64\u75f4\u4e26\u975e\u4e94\u6bd2\u4e2d\u4e4b\u75f4\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4f9d\u6700\u521d\u8ff7\u4e82\u70ba\u8f2a\u8ff4\u6642\u4e4b\u4ff1\u751f\u7121\u660e\u6240\u65bd\u8a2d\u4e4b\u75f4\u3002\u81f3\u65bc\u201c\u80fd\u4f5c\u70ba\u6d85\u69c3\u4e4b\u6240\u4f9d\u201d\u4ea6\u9700\u89c0\u5bdf\uff0c\u4f5b\u667a\u8207\u5982\u4f86\u85cf\u70ba\u672c\u6de8\u3001\u6de8\u9664\u4e00\u5207\u5ba2\u5875\uff0c\u4e14\u5177\u4e8c\u7a2e\u6e05\u6de8\uff0c\u800c\uff08\u7a2e\u7a2e\u7fd2\u6c23\u963f\u8cf4\u8036\uff09\u4e0d\u80fd\u4f5c\u70ba\u5176\u6240\u4f9d\uff0c\u4ee5\u963f\u8cf4\u8036\u4ecd\u9700\u8f49\u4f9d\uff08gnas gyur\uff09\u6545\uff0c\u300a\u91d1\u5149\u660e\u6700\u52dd\u738b\u7d93\u300b\uff08gSer &#8216;od dam pa\uff09\u4e91\uff1a<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000\"> \u963f\u8cf4\u8036\u8f49\u4f9d\u70ba\u81ea\u6027\u6cd5\u8eab\u3002<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000\"> \u300a\u56db\u5927\u7aae\u76e1\u7e8c\u300b\uff08\u2019Byung bzhi zad pa\u2019i rgyud\uff09\u4e91\uff1a<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000\"> \u963f\u8cf4\u8036\u6de8\u6210\u6cd5\u754c<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000\"> 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\u300a\u5165\u4e2d\u8ad6\u300b\uff08dBu ma la \u2019jug pa\uff09\u4e91\uff1a<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000\"> \u76e1\u711a\u6240\u77e5\u5982\u4e7e\u85aa \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u8af8\u4f5b\u6cd5\u8eab\u6700\u5bc2\u6ec5<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000\"> \u6b64\u7b49\u7d93\u5178\u7686\u5c0d\u6b64\u6709\u958b\u793a\u3002<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000\"> \u6216\u554f\uff1a\u82e5\u5982\u662f\uff0c\u963f\u8cf4\u8036\u4e0a\u53c8\u5982\u4f55\u80fd\u6709\u7121\u6368\u7a7a\u6027\uff08dor ba med pa stong pa nyid\uff09\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e09\u5341\u4e03\u9053\u6cd5\uff08chos sum cu rtsa bdun\uff09\uff1f<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000\"> 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\/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000\"> \u7121\u59cb\u6642\u4f86\u754c \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u4e00\u5207\u6cd5\u7b49\u4f9d<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000\"> \u7531\u6b64\u6709\u8af8\u8da3 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u53ca\u6d85\u69c3\u8b49\u5f97<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\">\u65bc\u6b64\u7576\u8aaa\u963f\u8cf4\u8036\u8207\u516b\u8b58\u805a\u4e4b\u5dee\u5225\uff1a\u7a2e\u7a2e\u7fd2\u6c23\u963f\u8cf4\u8036\u70ba\u7121\u8a18\u6cd5\uff0c\u5982\u540c\u660e\u93e1\uff0c\u963f\u8cf4\u8036\u8b58\u5982\u540c\u93e1\u5b50\u4e4b\u660e\u6e05\u5206\uff0c\u4e94\u9580\u4e4b\u8b58\u5982\u540c\u93e1\u5f71\u822c\u73fe\u8d77\uff0c\u4f9d\u6614\u65e5\u4e4b\u7d93\u6b77\u800c\u89c0\u5bdf\u5916\u5883\uff0c\u6216\u65bc\u4e94\u9580\u4e4b\u986f\u73fe\u5883\u9996\u5148\u751f\u8d77\u201c\u5373\u6b64\u201d\uff08\u4e4b\u5ff5\u982d\uff09\u8005\uff0c\u5373\u70ba\u610f\u8b58\uff0c\u5176\u5f8c\u65bc\u5916\u5883\u76f8\u61c9\u7522\u751f\u8caa\u3001\u55d4\u3001\u4e2d\u6027\u4e09\u7a2e\u5fc3\u8005\uff0c\u5373\u540d\u70ba\u672b\u90a3\u8b58\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><span style=\"color: #000000\"><strong>\u9644\u9304<\/strong><strong>2<\/strong><strong>\uff1a<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000\"> <strong>\u5177\u8b49\u9577\u8001\u76f4\u6307\u5fc3\u6027\u6559\u6388\u2022\u9664\u6697\u660e\u71c8<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000\"> rTogs ldan rgan po rnams kyi lugs sems ngo mdzub tshugs kyi gdams pa mun sel sgron me bzhugs so<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">\u4e0d\u6557\u5c0a\u8005 \u9020<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000\"> \u694a\u6770 \u8b6f<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">\u9802\u79ae\u4e0a\u5e2b\u8207\u6587\u6b8a\u667a\u6167\u52c7\u8b58\uff01<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000\"> \u7121\u9808\u7cbe\u52e4\u5ee3\u6cdb\u4e4b\u4fee\u5b78\uff0c\u4f9d\u53e3\u8a23\u898f\u8b77\u6301\u6b64\u5fc3\u6027\uff0c<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000\"> \u5728\u5bb6\u5492\u58eb\u5927\u591a\u7121\u56f0\u96e3\uff0c\u9054\u6301\u660e\u5730\u5373\u6b64\u6df1\u9053\u529b\u3002<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000\"> 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\u81ea\u7136\u5b89\u4f4f\u65bc\u5fc3\u6027\u6642\uff0c\u6709\u4eba\u552f\u8b77\u6301\u660e\uff08gsal\uff09\u8207\u89ba\uff08rig\uff09\uff0c\u9042\u4f4f\u65bc\u610f\u8b58\u9020\u4f5c\u4e4b\u6f84\u660e\u4e2d\uff0c\u6709\u4eba\u5fc3\u57f7\u65bc\u9811\u7a7a\uff0c\u7336\u5982\u5fc3\u8b58\u5df2\u88ab\u7a7a\u6389\uff0c\u6b64\u4e8c\u8005\u7121\u975e\u662f\u4ee5\u610f\u8b58\u5206\uff08yid shes kyi cha\uff09\u8caa\u57f7\u4e8c\u53d6\u4e4b\u89ba\u53d7\u3002\u660e\u8207\u57f7\u660e\u8005\u3001\u7a7a\u8207\u57f7\u7a7a\u8005\u4e4b\u5fc3\u8b58\u5373\u57f7\u5ff5\u4e4b\u76f8\u7e8c\uff08dran \u2019dzin pa gyi rgyud\uff09\uff0c\u6b64\u6642\u61c9\u89c0\u6b64\u76f8\u7e8c\u4e4b\u672c\u6027\u3002\u5c07\u8caa\u57f7\u4e8c\u53d6\u4e4b\u5fc3\u8b58\u6240\u4f9d\u91d8\u6a5b\u62d4\u9664\u5f8c\uff0c\u5373\u53ef\u5c0d\u8d64\u88f8\u662d\u7136\u3001\u660e\u7a7a\uff08\u7121\u4e8c\uff09\u3001\u9060\u96e2\u4e2d\u908a\u4e4b\u672c\u6027\u4f5c\u6c7a\u65b7\uff0c\u4e14\u73fe\u8d77\u6e05\u660e\u6f84\u6f88\u4e4b\uff08\u5883\u754c\uff09\uff0c\u6b64\u5373\u540d\u70ba\u201c\u672c\u89ba\u201d\uff0c\u4ea6\u5373\u8d64\u88f8\u986f\u73fe\u4e4b\u672c\u89ba\u667a\uff0c\u9060\u96e2\u5177\u57f7\u8457\u4e4b\u89ba\u53d7\u5916\u6bbc\u3002\u6b64\u4e43\u201c\u65b7\u9664\u751f\u6b7b\u7db2\u4e4b\u53e3\u8a23\u201d\u3002<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000\"> \u5982\u662f\uff0c\u672c\u89ba\u9060\u96e2\u7a2e\u7a2e\u4f3a\u5bdf\u89ba\u53d7\u4e4b\u5916\u6bbc\uff0c\u7336\u5982\u812b\u6bbc\u4e4b\u7a40\u7c92\uff0c\u7576\u4f9d\u6cd5\u6027\u4e4b\u672c\u6027\u81ea\u660e\u5c0d\u5176\u4f5c\u8fa8\u8a8d\u3002\u50c5\u50c5\u8a8d\u8b58\u672c\u89ba\u4e26\u4e0d\u8db3\u5920\uff0c\u61c9\u65bc\u5176\u72c0\u614b\u4e2d\u4f5c\u4e32\u7fd2\uff0c\u5f9e\u800c\u4ee4\u6b62\u5206\uff08gnas cha\uff09\u5f97\u5805\u7a69\u3002\u5fc3\u8b58\u81ea\u7136\u5b89\u4f4f\uff0c\u8b77\u6301\u6b64\u6b63\u5ff5\u4e4b\u76f8\u7e8c\uff0c\u7121\u6709\u6e19\u6563\uff0c\u6b64\u6975\u70ba\u91cd\u8981\u3002<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000\"> \u5982\u662f\u8b77\u6301\u6642\uff0c\u6216\u751f\u4e00\u7121\u6240\u6709\u4e4b\u51e1\u611a\u7121\u5ff5\uff0c\u6216\u751f\u52dd\u89c0\u6f84\u660e\u5206\u4e4b\u901a\u900f\u7121\u5ff5\uff0c\u6216\u5177\u6a02\u53d7\u4e4b\u8caa\u57f7\uff0c\u6216\u7121\u6a02\u53d7\u4e4b\u8caa\u57f7\uff0c\u6216\u5177\u7a2e\u7a2e\u660e\u5206\u89ba\u53d7\u4e4b\u57f7\u8457\uff0c\u6216\u751f\u6f84\u660e\u7121\u57a2\u96e2\u57f7\u8457\uff08\u4e4b\u89ba\u53d7\uff09\uff0c\u6216\u751f\u7c97\u91cd\u4e0d\u6085\u4e4b\u89ba\u53d7\uff0c\u6216\u751f\u67d4\u548c\u6085\u610f\u4e4b\u89ba\u53d7\uff0c\u6216\u56e0\u731b\u70c8\u5206\u5225\u4e4b\u5de8\u5927\u969c\u7919\u800c\u6b32\u653e\u68c4\u89c0\u4fee\uff0c\u6216\u56e0\u4e0d\u80fd\u8fa8\u5225\u660f\u6627\u8207\u6f84\u660e\u800c\u5177\u67d3\u6c61\uff08\u4e4b\u89ba\u53d7\uff09\uff0c\u6b64\u7b49\u89ba\u53d7\u4e4b\u751f\u8d77\u7686\u56e0\u7121\u59cb\u4ee5\u4f86\u7a2e\u7a2e\u4e32\u7fd2\u8207\u696d\u98a8\u4e4b\u6ce2\u6d6a\u7121\u53ef\u6c7a\u5b9a\u8207\u638c\u63a7\u3002<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000\"> \u7336\u5982\u9060\u884c\u9014\u4e2d\uff0c\u898b\u8af8\u6085\u610f\u8207\u96aa\u5cfb\u4e4b\u5883\uff0c\u7121\u8ad6\u986f\u73fe\u4f55\u7a2e\uff08\u5883\u754c\uff09\u7686\u52ff\u5c08\u57f7\uff0c\u800c\u61c9\u8b77\u6301\u81ea\u9053\u3002\u5c24\u5176\u65bc\u5c1a\u672a\u719f\u7df4\u4e4b\u6642\uff0c\u7a2e\u7a2e\u5206\u5225\u5982\u706b\u71be\u71c3\uff0c\u9042\u751f\u52d5\u6416\u4e4b\u89ba\u53d7\uff0c\u6b64\u6642\u4e0d\u5fc5\u7169\u8e81\uff0c\u800c\u61c9\u9b06\u7dca\u9069\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e0d\u6368\uff08\u6b63\u5ff5\u4e4b\uff09\u76f8\u7e8c\uff0c\uff08\u7e7c\u7e8c\uff09\u8b77\u6301\uff0c\u7531\u662f\u5373\u53ef\u9010\u6f38\u751f\u8d77\u201c\u5f97\u53d7\u201d\u7b49\u5f8c\u7e8c\u4e4b\u7a2e\u7a2e\u89ba\u53d7\u3002<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000\"> \u7e3d\u4e4b\uff0c\u6b64\u6642\u61c9\u4f9d\u4e0a\u5e2b\u4e4b\u53e3\u8a23\uff0c\u65bc\u5be6\u4fee\u57fa\u790e\u4e0a\u8fa8\u8b58\u3001\u6c7a\u5b9a\u672c\u89ba\u8207\u7121\u660e\u3001\u963f\u8cf4\u8036\u8207\u6cd5\u8eab\u3001\u8b58\u8207\u667a\u4e4b\u5dee\u5225\u3002\u6c34\u82e5\u4e0d\u6643\u52d5\uff0c\u5247\u53ef\u5f97\u6f84\u6de8\uff0c\u540c\u6b64\uff0c\u65bc\u8b77\u6301\u4e4b\u6642\uff0c\u9700\u4ee4\u5fc3\u8b58\u5b89\u4f4f\u65bc\u672c\u4f4d\uff0c\u5f9e\u800c\u4ee4\u5176\u6cd5\u6027\u672c\u667a\u662d\u7136\u81ea\u986f\u73fe\uff0c\u6b64\u53e3\u8a23\u7576\u8457\u91cd\u4fee\u6301\u3002\u4e0d\u61c9\u4f3a\u5bdf\u81ea\u5df1\u6240\u4fee\u70ba\u8b58\u6291\u6216\u70ba\u667a\uff0c\u5f9e\u800c\u4f5c\u53d6\u6368\uff1b\u4ea6\u4e0d\u61c9\u53cd\u5fa9\u5c0d\u7167\u66f8\u672c\u800c\u4f5c\u601d\u8fa8\uff0c\u5f7c\u65bc\u6b62\u89c0\u4e8c\u8005\u7686\u7565\u6709\u6240\u7919\u3002\u81ea\u7136\u5b89\u4f4f\u4e4b\u6b63\u5ff5\u6d41\u5f97\u5805\u7a69\u5f8c\uff0c\u5c07\u6b64\u5bc2\u6b62\u4e32\u7fd2\u5206\u8207\u81ea\u660e\u81ea\u89ba\u672c\u4f86\u9762\u76ee\u4e4b\u52dd\u89c0\u81ea\u7136\u878d\u5408\uff0c\u82e5\u4ee5\u6b64\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e32\u7fd2\u81f3\u5805\u7a69\uff0c\u5247\u53ef\u751f\u8d77\u81ea\u7136\u672c\u4f4f\u3001\u81ea\u6027\u5149\u660e\u4e4b\u6b62\u89c0\uff0c\u4ea6\u5373\u672c\u4f86\u7121\u5225\u4e4b\u81ea\u751f\u667a\u3001\u5927\u5713\u6eff\u4e4b\u5bc6\u610f\u3002\u6b64\u4e43\u201c\u5b89\u4f4f\u65bc\u5982\u865b\u7a7a\u4e4b\u5e73\u7b49\u6027\u201d\u4e4b\u53e3\u8a23\u3002<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000\"> \u5fa9\u6b21\uff0c\u5409\u7965\u85a9\u7f85\u54c8\u5c0a\u8005\u6240\u8aaa\u4e4b\u201c\u80fd\u601d\u6240\u601d\u76e1\u6368\u96e2\uff0c\u7121\u601d\u800c\u4f4f\u5982\u5b30\u5b69\u201d\u4e43\u6307\u5b89\u4f4f\u6cd5\uff0c\u201c\u5c08\u6ce8\u5e2b\u6559\u7cbe\u9032\u4fee\u201d\u610f\u70ba\u5177\u8db3\u6307\u793a\u672c\u89ba\u4e4b\u53e3\u8a23\uff0c\u201c\u7121\u7591\u751f\u8d77\u4ff1\u751f\u667a\u201d\u8005\uff0c\u6307\u751f\u8d77\u672c\u521d\u5373\u8207\u81ea\u5fc3\u4ff1\u751f\u4e4b\u5fc3\u6cd5\u6027\uff0c\u4ea6\u5373\u672c\u89ba\u81ea\u751f\u667a\uff0c\u5176\u70ba\u539f\u59cb\u771f\u5be6\u4e4b\u5149\u660e\uff0c\u8207\u8af8\u6cd5\u4e4b\u6cd5\u6027\u7121\u7570\u3002\u662f\u6545\uff0c\u6b64\u81ea\u7136\u5b89\u4f4f\u4e4b\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u8b77\u6301\u81ea\u660e\u4e4b\u672c\u89ba\u3001\u5fc3\u672c\u6027\u6216\u6cd5\u6027\u4e4b\u65b9\u5f0f\u8005\uff0c\u4e43\u651d\u767e\u8981\u70ba\u4e00\u4e4b\u53e3\u8a23\uff0c\u7576\u5e38\u4f5c\u8b77\u6301\u3002<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000\"> \u4e32\u7fd2\u4e4b\u91cf\u61c9\u4f9d\u591c\u9593\u4e4b\u5149\u660e\u4f5c\u8a8d\u5b9a\uff0c\u6b63\u9053\u4e4b\u5fb5\u76f8\u7576\u4f9d\u81ea\u7136\u589e\u9577\u4e4b\u4fe1\u5fc3\u3001\u60b2\u5fc3\u8207\u667a\u6167\u7b49\u800c\u4e86\u77e5\u3002\u5176\u65b9\u4fbf\u8207\u6613\u884c\u7576\u4f9d\u81ea\u8eab\u89ba\u53d7\u800c\u4e86\u77e5\uff0c\u5176\u751a\u6df1\u8207\u8fc5\u6377\u8005\uff0c\u61c9\u7531\u53c3\u7167\u5176\u4ed6\u9700\u6975\u5927\u7cbe\u52e4\u4e4b\u9053\uff0c\u4e26\u8207\u5176\u4fee\u9053\u8005\u6bd4\u8f03\u8b49\u91cf\u800c\u6c7a\u5b9a\u3002\u89c0\u4fee\u81ea\u5fc3\u5149\u660e\u6240\u5f97\u4e4b\u679c\u8005\uff0c\u5373\uff08\u5fc3\u5149\u660e\uff09\u4e0a\u4e4b\u5206\u5225\u8207\u7fd2\u6c23\u57a2\u969c\u81ea\u7136\u6e05\u6de8\u6642\uff0c\u5c07\u7121\u52de\u800c\u5713\u6eff\u4e8c\u7a2e\u667a\uff0c\u5f97\u672c\u521d\u4e4b\u6046\u5e38\u4f4d\uff0c\u4e14\u4efb\u904b\u6210\u5c31\u4e09\u8eab\u3002<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000\"> \u751a\u6df1\uff01\u79d8\u5bc6\uff01\u4e09\u6627\u8036\uff01<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000\"> \u7b2c\u5341\u4e94\u52dd\u751f\u9031\uff0c\u706b\u99ac\u5e74\uff08\u897f\u51431906\u5e74\uff091\u670812\u65e5\uff0c\u7279\u70ba\u4e0d\u80fd\u7cbe\u9032\u65bc\u805e\u601d\uff0c\u53c8\u6b32\u4fee\u6301\u5fc3\u6027\u4e4b\u5728\u5bb6\u5492\u58eb\u7b49\uff0c\u4ee5\u6613\u89e3\u4e4b\u8a9e\u8a00\u5ba3\u8aaa\u8af8\u5177\u8b49\u9577\u8001\u4e4b\u751a\u6df1\u5be6\u4fee\u7ac5\u8a23\u3002<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000\"> \u4e0d\u6557\u6587\u6b8a\u91d1\u525b\u9020\u3002\u5584\u54c9\uff0c\u9858\u5409\u7965\uff01<\/span><\/p>\n<h1 style=\"text-align: center\"><strong>_____________________________________<\/strong><\/h1>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff\" href=\"#_ftnref1\" name=\"_ftn1\">[1]<\/a><\/span>\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u7384\u5958\u65bc\u300a\u6210\u552f\u8b58\u8ad6\u300b\u4e2d\u4ea6\u6307\u51fa\uff1a\u201c\u589e\u58f9\u7d93\u4e2d\u4ea6\u5bc6\u610f\u8aaa\u6b64\u540d\u963f\u8cf4\u8036\u3002\u8b02\u611b\u963f\u8cf4\u8036\uff0c\u6a02\u963f\u8cf4\u8036\uff0c\u6b23\u963f\u8cf4\u8036\uff0c\u6199\u963f\u8cf4\u8036\u3002\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff\" href=\"#_ftnref2\" name=\"_ftn2\">[2]<\/a><\/span> \u5927\u6b63\uff0c\u537731\uff0cNo. 134a\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff\" href=\"#_ftnref3\" name=\"_ftn3\">[3]<\/a><\/span> \u6708\u8f2a\u8ce2\u9686\uff0c\uff1c\u5c0f\u4e58\u5178\u7c4d\u306b\u65bc\u3051\u308b\u963f\u8cf4\u8036\uff1e\uff0c\u6536\u65bc\u6c0f\u8457\u300a\u4f5b\u5178\u306e\u6279\u5224\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u300b\uff0c\u4eac\u90fd\uff1a\u767e\u83ef\u82d1\uff0c1971\u5e74\uff0c\u9801181\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff\" href=\"#_ftnref4\" name=\"_ftn4\">[4]<\/a><\/span> \u6709\u5b78\u8005\u8a8d\u70ba\u6199\u963f\u8cf4\u8036\uff08\u0101laya-abhir\u0101ma\uff09\u70ba\u5f8c\u4f86\u6240\u52a0\uff0c\\\u53c3\u898b\u9577\u5c3e\u96c5\u4eba\uff1a\u300a\u651d\u5927\u4e58\u8ad6\u2014\u548c\u8b6f\u3068\u8a3b\u89e3\u300b\uff0c\u6771\u4eac\uff1a\u8b1b\u8ac7\u793e\uff0c1982\u5e74\uff0c\u9801119-120\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff\" href=\"#_ftnref5\" name=\"_ftn5\">[5]<\/a><\/span> \u9673\u4e00\u6a19\uff0c\u201c\u6709\u95dc\u963f\u8cf4\u8036\u8b58\u8a9e\u7fa9\u7684\u8b8a\u9077\u201d\uff0c\u6536\u300a\u5713\u5149\u5b78\u5831\u300b\u7b2c\u56db\u671f\uff0c\u6843\u6e90\u7e23\uff1a\u5713\u5149\u4f5b\u5b78\u7814\u7a76\u6240\uff0c2000\u5e74\uff0c\u980184-85\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff\" href=\"#_ftnref6\" name=\"_ftn6\">[6]<\/a><\/span> \u300a\u5927\u6bd8\u5a46\u6c99\u8ad6\u300b\u5377\u516d\u5341\u4e94\uff0c\u5927\u6b63\u4e8c\u4e03\u2022338a\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff\" href=\"#_ftnref7\" name=\"_ftn7\">[7]<\/a><\/span> \u300a\u5927\u6bd8\u5a46\u6c99\u8ad6\u300b\u5377\u4e00\u767e\u56db\u5341\u4e94\uff0c\u5927\u6b63\u4e8c\u4e03\u2022746c\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\"><a style=\"color: #000000\" href=\"#_ftnref8\" name=\"_ftn8\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff\">[8<\/span>]<\/a> \u00a0\u00a0\u5373\u8caa\u3001\u55d4\u3001\u75f4\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff\" href=\"#_ftnref9\" name=\"_ftn9\">[9]<\/a><\/span> \u00a0\u00a0\u5373\u7011\u6d41\u3001\u6709\u7011\u6d41\u3001\u898b\u7011\u6d41\u3001\u7121\u660e\u7011\u6d41\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff\" href=\"#_ftnref10\" name=\"_ftn10\">[10]<\/a><\/span> \u5927\u6b63\u4e8c\u4e5d\u202787c\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff\" href=\"#_ftnref11\" name=\"_ftn11\">[11]<\/a><\/span> \u00a0\u52dd\u5442\u4fe1\u975c\u3001\u5b87\u4e95\u4f2f\u58fd\u3001\u88b4\u8c37\u61b2\u662d\u7b49\u5b78\u8005\u5c0d\u6b64\u4ea6\u5404\u6709\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u898b\u89e3\uff0c\u53c3\u9673\u4e00\u6a19\u4e0a\u63ed\u6587\uff0c\u980177-78\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff\" href=\"#_ftnref12\" name=\"_ftn12\">[12]<\/a><\/span> \u5927\u6b63\u5341\u516d\uff0cNo. 692b\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff\" href=\"#_ftnref13\" name=\"_ftn13\">[13]<\/a>\u00a0<\/span> \u52dd\u5442\u4fe1\u975c,\u201c\u30a2\u30e9\u30e4\u8b58\u306e\u8a9e\u7fa9\u201d,\u7530\u6751\u82b3\u6717\u535a\u58eb\u9084\u6b77\u7d00\u5ff5\u8ad6\u96c6\u300a\u4f5b\u6559\u6559\u7406\u306e\u7814\u7a76\u300b,\u6771\u4eac:\u6625\u79cb\u793e,1982\u5e74,\u980163-65\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff\" href=\"#_ftnref14\" name=\"_ftn14\">[14]<\/a>\u00a0<\/span> \u5927\u6b63\u4e09\u4e00\uff0e7c\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff\" href=\"#_ftnref15\" name=\"_ftn15\">[15]<\/a>\u00a0<\/span> \u8ac7\u932b\u6c38\u4e0a\u5e2b\u70ba\u6f22\u571f\u5b78\u754c\u4e2d\u5c11\u6578\u66fe\u660e\u78ba\u6307\u51fa\u963f\u8cf4\u8036\u8207\u963f\u8cf4\u8036\u8b58\u4e0d\u540c\u8005\uff0c\u53c3\u8ac7\u932b\u6c38\uff0c\u300a\u56db\u91cd\u7de3\u8d77\u6df1\u822c\u82e5\u300b\uff0c\u53f0\u5317\uff1a\u5168\u4f5b\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2005\u5e74\uff0c\u9801382 \u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff\" href=\"#_ftnref16\" name=\"_ftn16\">[16]<\/a><\/span>\u00a0 \u4f8b\u5982\u667a\u8ecd\uff08\u7d04\u516b\u4e16\u7d00\uff09\u6240\u9020\u4e4b\u300a\u898b\u5dee\u5225\u300b\uff08lTa ba\u2019i khyad par\uff09\u4e2d\u5373\u6709\u8a00\uff1a<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000\"> \u963f\u8cf4\u8036\u8b58\u8005\uff0c\u4e43\u5584\u3001\u4e0d\u5584\u8207\u7121\u8a18\u4e4b\u4e00\u5207\u6cd5\u7a2e\u5b50\u4e4b\u57fa\uff0c\u6545\u70ba\u300c\u666e\u57fa\u300d\uff08\u0101laya\uff0c\u85cf\uff09\u3002 \uff08kun gzhi rnam par shes pa ni dge ba dang mi dge ba dang lung du ma bstan pa\u2019i chos thams cad kyi sa bon gyi gzhi yin pas kun gzhi\u2019o\uff09<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000\"> \u4f9d\u90b5\u980c\u96c4\u8b6f\uff0c\u53c3\u6566\u73e0\u6cd5\u738b\u7b49\u8457\uff0c\u8ac7\u932b\u6c38\u3001\u6c88\u885b\u69ae\u3001\u90b5\u980c\u96c4\u3001\u8a31\u932b\u6069\u8b6f\u8457\uff0c\u300a\u752f\u746a\u6d3e\u56db\u90e8\u5b97\u7fa9\u91cb\u300b\uff0c\u53f0\u5317\uff1a\u5168\u4f5b\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2008\u5e74\uff0c\u9801273\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff\" href=\"#_ftnref17\" name=\"_ftn17\">[17]<\/a> <\/span>\u300a\u79aa\u5b9a\u76ee\u70ac\u300b\uff0cLeh: S.W. Tashigangpa\uff0c1974\u5e74\uff0c\u98012\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff\" href=\"#_ftnref18\" name=\"_ftn18\">[18]<\/a>\u00a0<\/span> \u53c2Samten Gyaltsen Karmay, <em>The Great Perfection (rDzogs chen): A Philosophical and Meditative Teaching of Tibetan Buddhism (Second edition)<\/em>, Leiden &amp; Boston: Brill, 2007, \u9801178\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff\" href=\"#_ftnref19\" name=\"_ftn19\">[19]<\/a><\/span>\u5373\u986f\u4e58\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff\" href=\"#_ftnref20\" name=\"_ftn20\">[20]<\/a><\/span>\u5373\u5bc6\u4e58\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff\" href=\"#_ftnref21\" name=\"_ftn21\">[21]<\/a><\/span>\u53c3\u7d68\u5b8b\u6cd5\u8ce2,\u300a\u7d68\u6851\u66f2\u677e\u6587\u96c6\u300b,\u6210\u90fd:\u56db\u5ddd\u6c11\u65cf\u51fa\u7248\u793e,199\u5e74,\u7b2c2\u5377,\u9801545\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff\" href=\"#_ftnref22\" name=\"_ftn22\">[22]<\/a><\/span>\u5be6\u969b\u4e0a\uff0c\u85cf\u571f\u5c0d\u65bc\u963f\u8cf4\u8036\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u7d71\u4e00\u7684\u89c0\u9ede\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5676\u8209\u6d3e\u7684\u81ea\u751f\u91d1\u525b\uff08Rang byung rdo rje, 1284-1339\uff09\u4e5f\u5c0d\u8a72\u554f\u984c\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\uff0c\u4ed6\u8a8d\u70ba\u5982\u679c\u53ea\u8a00\u201c\u963f \u8cf4\u8036\u201d\u800c\u4e0d\u8a00\u201c\u8b58\u201d\uff0c\u5247\u963f\u8cf4\u8036\u4ea6\u53ef\u6307\u771f\u5982\uff1a&#8217;di yang kun gzhi zhes bya ba la rnam par shes pa&#8217;i sgra ma smos na de bzhin nyid la yang kun gzhis brjod du rung ba &#8216;i phyir rnam par shes pa smos so \/\/\uff0c\u53c3\u300a\u751a\u6df1\u5167\u7fa9\u80fd\u986f\u91cb\u300b\uff08Zab mo nang gi don gsal bar byed pa&#8217;i grel pa\uff09\uff0c\u6536\u300a\u81ea\u751f\u91d1\u525b\u6587\u96c6\u300b\uff08Rang byung rdo rje gsung &#8216;bum\uff09\uff0c\u897f\u5be7\uff1a\u7c97\u666e\u582a\u5e03\u6d1b\u4e9e\u624e\u897f\uff0c\u7b2c7\u5377\uff0c\u9801383\u3002\u89ba\u56ca\u6d3e\u7684\u6735\u6ce2\u5df4\u2022\u667a\u6167\u5e62\uff08Dol po pa shes rab rgyal mtshan, 1292-1361\uff09\u5247\u8a8d\u70ba\u963f\u8cf4\u8036\u53ef\u5206\u70ba\u667a\uff08ye shes\uff09\u8207\u8b58\uff08rnams shes\uff09\u5169\u5206\uff1akun gzhi la ye shes dang rnams shes su &#8216;byed pa\u2026 \/\uff0c\u53c3\u300a\u5c71\u6cd5\u4e86\u7fa9\u6d77\u8ad6\u300b\uff08Ri chos nges don rgya mtsho\uff09\uff0c\u8cc8\u5eb7\u5df4\uff08rGyal khams pa\uff09\uff0c\u7121\u51fa\u7248\u65e5\u671f\u8207\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u980184\u3002\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f46\u5404\u6d3e\u4e4b\u9593\u5c0d\u963f\u8cf4\u8036\u610f\u898b\u4e0d\u4e00\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u65bc\u540c\u4e00\u6d3e\u5225\u200b\u200b\u5167\u90e8\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u8ad6\u5e2b\u3001\u540c\u4e00\u8ad6\u5e2b\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u8457\u4f5c\u4e2d\u4ea6\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u5b89\u7acb\uff0c\u7531\u4e0b\u6587\u7684\u8a0e\u8ad6\u5373\u53ef\u4e86\u77e5\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff\" href=\"#_ftnref23\" name=\"_ftn23\">[23]<\/a><\/span>\u8a72\u6bb5\u5f15\u6587\u4e26\u4e0d\u898b\u65bc\u300a\u745c\u4f3d\u5e2b\u5730\u8ad6\u2022\u83e9\u85a9\u5730\u300b\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff\" href=\"#_ftnref24\" name=\"_ftn24\">[24]<\/a><\/span>\u85cf \u6587\uff1a&#8217;di ltar yul gang la&#8217;ang mi rtog par yengs nas rtse gcig pa ni kun gzhi&#8217;i skabs so \/ snang yul sa ler mthong dus lhan ner gang du&#8217;ang mi rtog pa ni kun gzhi&#8217;i rnam shes kyi skabs so \/ de&#8217;i tshe yul so sor gsal la rnam par shar pa rig pa ni sgo lnga&#8217;i shes pa dang \/ yul gang rung la dang por skad cig gis gzung bar shar ba dang \/ gnyis par dpyod byed nyon mongs su &#8216; dres te &#8216;dzin par shar ba ni yid dang yid shes kyi skabs te tshogs bdun no \/ byang chub sems dpa&#8217;i sa las \/ yul dang rjes su ma &#8216;brel bar mi rtog pa ni kun gzhi&#8217;i gnas skabs so \/ yul dang &#8216;brel bar mi rtog pa ni kun gzhi&#8217;i rnam par shes pa&#8217;i gnas skabs so \/ yul so sor rig pa&#8217;i rnam pa ni sgo lnga&#8217;i rnam par shes pa&#8217;i gnas skabs so yul la dang por rtog pa dang \/ rjes su dpyod pas gzung ba dang &#8216;dzin par skyes pa ni yid kyi rnam par shes pa dang \/ nyon mongs pa can gyi yid kyi gnas skabs so zhes so \/\/\u300a\u5927\u5713\u6eff\u5fc3\u6027\u4fee\u7fd2\u5927\u8eca\u758f\u300b\uff08rDzogs pa chen po sems nyid ngal gso&#8217;i &#8216;grel pa shing rta chen po \uff09\uff0c\u5676\u9640\u7248\u5be7\u746a\u6559\u50b3\u5ee3\u96c6\uff08bKa&#8217; ma shin tu rgyas pa (Ka\u1e25 thog)\uff09\uff0c\u7b2c100\u51fd\uff0c\u9801268-269\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff\" href=\"#_ftnref25\" name=\"_ftn25\">[25]<\/a><\/span>\u540c\u4e0a\uff0c\u9801261\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff\" href=\"#_ftnref26\" name=\"_ftn26\">[26]<\/a><\/span>\u95dc\u65bc\u9019\u4e00\u6bd4\u55bb\uff0c\u53ef\u53c3\u6467\u9b54\u6d32\u5c0a\u8005\u9020\u8ad6\uff0c\u8ac7\u932b\u6c38\u5c0e\u8ad6\uff0c\u8a31\u932b\u6069\u7ffb\u8b6f\uff0c\u300a\u7121\u4fee\u4f5b\u9053\u2014\u2014\u73fe\u8b49\u81ea\u6027\u5927\u5713\u6eff\u672c\u4f86\u9762\u76ee\u6559\u6388\u300b\uff0c\u53f0\u5317\uff1a\u5168\u4f5b\u6587\u5316\uff0c2009\u5e74\uff0c\u9801165\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff\" href=\"#_ftnref27\" name=\"_ftn27\">[27]<\/a><\/span>\u00a0 \u85cf\u6587\uff1alas sog pa\u2019i sgo ni yid kyi dbang po dang \/ sgo lnga\u2019i dbang po rten dang bcas pa\u2019o \/ sog byed nyon mongs pa can gyi yid dang \/ dge bar sems pa\u2019i yid \/ yid shes bar ma\u2019o \/ gang la sog na \/ kun gzhi\u2019i steng du sog go \/ de dag gi \u2019phel ba dang sog pa dang \/ \u2019bri ba la sogs pa\u2019i go \u2019byed pa ni kun gzhi\u2019i rnam par shes pa\u2019o \/\/ \u540c\u4e0a\uff0c\u9801263\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff\" href=\"#_ftnref28\" name=\"_ftn28\">[28]<\/a> <\/span>\u00a0\u00a0David F. Germano and William S. Waldron, \u201cA Comparison of \u0100laya-Vij\u00f1\u0101na in Yog\u0101c\u0101ra and Dzogchen\u201d, in <em>Buddhist Thought and Applied Psychological Research: Transcending the Boundaries<\/em>, London and New York: Routledge, 2006, \u980136-68\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff\" href=\"#_ftnref29\" name=\"_ftn29\">[29]<\/a> <\/span>\u00a0\u00a0David F. Germano and William S. Waldron\u4e0a\u63ed\u6587\uff0c\u980157\u3002\u7b46\u8005\u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u8a72\u6587\u7684\u984c\u76ee\u672c\u8eab\u5df2\u6709\u4e0d\u59a5\uff0ckun gzhi\u5728\u5927\u5713\u6eff\u8a9e\u5883\u4e0b\u5df2\u4e0d\u80fd\u518d\u7a31\u70ba\u963f\u8cf4\u8036\u8b58\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff\" href=\"#_ftnref30\" name=\"_ftn30\">[30]<\/a>\u00a0<\/span> \u8b6c\u5982\u5676\u8209\u6d3e\u5373\u8a8d\u70ba\u8af8\u8b58\u878d\u5165\u963f\u8cf4\u8036\u8b58\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u5373\u7acb\u523b\u986f\u73fe\u57fa\u4f4d\u6cd5\u8eab\u5149\u660e\uff0c\u53c3\u4f58\u842c\u6cbb\u3001\u842c\u679c\u8b6f\uff0c\u300a\u85cf\u50b3\u5bc6\u5b97\u6c23\u529f\u2014\u2014\u90a3\u82e5\u516d\u6210\u5c31\u6cd5\u300b\uff0c\u6210\u90fd\uff1a\u56db\u5ddd\u6c11\u65cf\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c1997\u5e74\uff0c\u9801254\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff\" href=\"#_ftnref31\" name=\"_ftn31\">[31]<\/a><\/span> \u00a0\u85cf\u6587\uff1ade\u2019ang \u2019dod pa\u2019i sa pa rnams gnyid du \u2019gro ba na sgo lnga nyon yid dang bcas pa\u2019i shes pa yid shes su thim \/ yid shes kun gzhi\u2019i rnams shes su thim pas gsal la mi rtog pa dar cig \u2019char ro \/ \u2019di nyid rang ngo shes pa rnams kyis de\u2019i steng du bzhag pas rmi lam med par \u2019od gsal chos nyid la spyod ces gsar ma\u2019i slob dpon \u2019gas bzhed kyang \/ kun gzhi\u2019i rnams shes chos gang la\u2019ang mi rtog pa\u2019i kun gzhir thim \/ kun gzhi chos kyi dbyings su thim pas phra rags kyi \u2019dzin pa nub la \/ stong gsal spros pa dang bral ba\u2019i chos nyid \u2019char bas \u2019di nyid ngo shes par byas na \u2019khrul pa bzlog ste \/ gsang ba ye shes rin po che\u2019i rgyud kun \u2019dus las \/ tshogs bdun kun gzhi\u2019i rnams shes su \/ thim nas kun gzhi dbyings su dag \/ de tshe gdod ma\u2019i lhan cig skyes \/ stong gsal rang byung ye shes so \/ de nyid rnal \u2019byor pas shes bya \/ zhes so \/ de las slar mched de \/ chos dbyings las kun gzhi dang \/ de las kun gzhi\u2019i rnam par shes pa dang \/ de las yid shes gcig pu langs pas rmi lam sna tshogs su shar te \/ bag chags yid kyi yul chos la bdag gir \u2019dzin pa\u2019i dus so \/ de\u2019ang rtog pa g.yo ba\u2019i rlung rnams dang \/ tshogs bdun brten pa\u2019i rtsa\u2019i rlung ro rkyang du chud nas dbu ma\u2019i nang du \u2019jug pa\u2019i tshe \/ kun gzhi sum mnyam gyi rnam par shes pa zhes bya ste \/ rlung sum mdo gcig tu mnyam pa\u2019i phyir ro \/ de nas dbu mar chud de ro gcig pa ni kun gzhi\u2019i dus te \/ gnyid mthug por song bas rmi lam med pa\u2019o \/ kha cig la rmi lam med par mtshan thog thag gnas pa\u2019ang yod do \/ de nas kun gzhi chos kyi dbyings su thim pa ni dbu ma\u2019i dbus na \u2019od gsal mchog mi \u2019gyur gyi rtsa rags pa\u2019i khams dang rlung mi rgyu ba dwangs pa \u2019od kyi rang bzhin yod de \/ kun gsal las \/ dbu ma\u2019i dbus na gnas pa\u2019i rtsa \/ \u2019od gsal mchog tu mi \u2019gyur ba \/ dwangs la dngos med gsal ba\u2019i dbyings \/ lhun grub ye shes kun gyi gnas \/ zhes gsungs pa der \/ dbu ma\u2019i rlung dwangs ma shes pa nyid la zer bas \/ de chud pa\u2019i tshe \u2019od gsal \u2019char ro \/ \u2019di\u2019i tshe snang ba\u2019i \u2019od gsal thig le dang \/ \u2019od dang \/ \u2019ja\u2019 tshon la sogs pa \u2019char ro \/ stong pa\u2019i \u2019od gsal sems nyid spros pa dang bral ba \u2019char ro \/ zung \u2019jug gi \u2019od gsal rig gsal nyams su myong ba\u2019i ye shes chen po \u2019char ro \/ de nas slar kun gzhi dang \/ de\u2019i shes pa dang \/ yid shes mched pa\u2019i tshe \/ srog pa rtsa\u2019i yid dran pa rnam rten gyi nang du rlung mched pa\u2019i dus so \/ de nas dbang po so so la brten pa\u2019i rtsa rlung zhugs pas gnyid sad de nyin snang gi yul la gzung \u2019dzin rang dgar \u2019char ba yin no \/\/ \u540c\u4e0a\uff0c\u9801273-276\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff\" href=\"#_ftnref32\" name=\"_ftn32\">[32]<\/a> <\/span>\u00a0\u9019\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u53ef\u53c3\u4e0d\u6557\u5c0a\u8005\u6240\u9020\u300a\u89c0\u5bdf\u57fa\u4f4d\u5fc3\u4e4b\u5149\u660e\u7fa9\u2022\u5927\u5713\u6eff\u57fa\u9053\u679c\u5224\u5225\u2022\u667a\u6167\u5149\u300b\uff08gNyug sems &#8216;od gsal gyi don la dpyad pa rdzogs pa chen po gzhi lam &#8216;bras bu&#8217;i shan &#8216;byed blo gros snang ba\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff\" href=\"#_ftnref33\" name=\"_ftn33\">[33]<\/a> <\/span>\u00a0kun gzhi\u65e2\u53ef\u4ee5\u68b5\u6587\u7684\u0101laya\u4f5c\u70ba\u8a9e\u6e90\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f5c\u70bakun gyi gzhi ma\uff08\u4e00\u5207\u4e4b\u57fa\u3001\u666e\u57fa\uff09\u7684\u7e2e\u5beb\uff0c\u53c3Germano &amp; Waldron\u4e0a\u63ed\u6587\uff0c\u980157\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff\" href=\"#_ftnref34\" name=\"_ftn34\">[34]<\/a><\/span>\u8a72\u7e8c\u6536\u9304\u65bc\u5ef7\u5091(genTing sykes)\u7248\u300a\u5be7\u746a\u5341\u842c\u7e8c\u300b(rNying ma&#8217;i rgyud &#8216;bum)\u7b2c8\u51fd\u4ee5\u53ca\u300a\u6bd8\u76e7\u5341\u842c\u7e8c\u300b(Bai ro rgyud &#8216;bum)\u7b2c3\u51fd,\u524d\u8005\u7684\u984c\u8dcb\u4e2d\u7a31\u8a72\u7e8c\u7531\u5409\u7965\u7345\u5b50(\u015ar\u012b si\u1e43ha)\u548c\u52aa\u4f5b\u667a\u7ffb\u8b6f,\u5f8c\u8005\u984c\u8dcb\u7a31\u52aa\u4f5b\u667a\u7ffb\u8b6f\u8a72\u7e8c\u4ee5\u4ee4\u5176\u4e0a\u5e2b\u5409\u7965\u7345\u5b50\u6b61\u559c,\u7136\u6b64\u4e8c\u8aaa\u7686\u6709\u554f\u984c,\u84cb\u56e0\u52aa\u4f5b\u667a \u751f\u5e74\u5be6\u665a\u65bc\u5409\u7965\u7345\u5b50\u4e00\u500b\u4e16\u7d00\u5de6\u53f3,\u53c3Dudjom Rinpoche, translated by Gyurmed Dorje and Matthew Kapstein, The Nyingma School of Tibetan Buddhism: Its Fundamentals and History, Boston: Wisdom Publications, 1991\u5e74,\u9801497-501,608-614\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff\" href=\"#_ftnref35\" name=\"_ftn35\">[35]<\/a><\/span>\u898b\u300a\u6bd8\u76e7\u5341\u842c\u7e8c\u300b\u7b2c\u4e09\u51fd,\u9801230,\u5ef7\u7d50\u7248\u300a\u5be7\u746a\u5341\u842c\u7e8c\u300b\u7b2c8\u51fd,\u9801109\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff\" href=\"#_ftnref36\" name=\"_ftn36\">[36]<\/a> <\/span>\u53c3David Higgins, The Philosophical Foudations of Classial rDzogs chen in Tibet: Investigating the Distinction Between Dualistic Mind (sems) and Primordial knowing (ye shes), Universit\u00e9 de Lausanne, 2012, \u9801192\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff\" href=\"#_ftnref37\" name=\"_ftn37\">[37]<\/a><\/span>\u5168\u540d\u70ba\u300a\u8af8\u4f5b\u5bc6\u610f\u7e3d\u96c6\u7d93\u91cb\u96e3\u2022\u80fd\u986f\u9ed1\u6697\u93a7\u7532\u9396\u9470\u4e4b\u745c\u4f3d\u65e5\u300b(Sangs rgyas thams cad kyi dgongs pa &#8216;dus pa&#8217;i mdo&#8217;i dka&#8217; &#8216;grel mun pa&#8217;i go cha lde mig gsal byed rnal &#8216;byor nyi ma),\u6536\u300a\u5be7\u746a\u6559\u50b3\u5ee3\u96c6\u300b(bKa&#8217; ma rgyas pa)\u7b2c50-51\u51fd\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff\" href=\"#_ftnref38\" name=\"_ftn38\">[38]<\/a><\/span>\u85cf\u6587\uff1ade yang theg pa \u2019og ma ba\u2019i tshul gyis \/ kun gzhi\u2019i mtshan nyid ni zag pa dang bcas pa\u2019i chos thams cad kyi rgyu dang \u2019bras bu\u2019i ngo bor gnas shing smin pa yin pas \/ shing thog smin pa dang \u2019dra la \/ zag pa med pa rnams kyi ni rten dang gnas tsam yin te \/ dug gi bum pa\u2019i nang na sman gnas pa lta bu\u2019o \/ zhes bshad \/ theg pa gong ma\u2019i tshul las ni \/ kun gzhi\u2019i mtshan nyid ni gdod ma nas byang chub kyi snying po\u2019i rang bzhin du dag pa yin pas kun gzhi byang chub kyi sems zhes bya la \/ nyon mongs pa dang gnas ngan len kyi bag chags ni blo bur gyi dri ma ste \/ gser g.yus g.yogs pa\u2019am \/ nor bu rin po\u2019i che \u2019dam du bsubs pa bzhin yon tan cung zad mi snang bar zad de \/ rang bzhin nyams par byas pa myed do \/\/ \u7ed2\u5b8b\u6cd5\u8ce2\u4e0a\u63ed\u66f8\uff0c\u9801545\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff\" href=\"#_ftnref39\" name=\"_ftn39\">[39]<\/a> <\/span>\u6709\u95dc\u4e8c\u8005\u7684\u8a73\u7d30\u89e3\u8aaa\uff0c\u53c3\u898b\u672c\u6587\u9644\u9304\u4e00\u4e4b\u7ffb\u8b6f\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff\" href=\"#_ftnref40\" name=\"_ftn40\">[40]<\/a><\/span> \u9019\u56db\u7a2e\u963f\u8cf4\u8036\u4e4b\u540d\u76f8\u65bc\u300a\u8072\u61c9\u6210\u7e8c\u300b(sGra thal \u2019gyur)\u4e2d\u5df2\u6709\u63d0\u53ca,\u9f8d\u9752\u5df4\u65bc\u6b64\u5247\u5ee3\u8aaa\u4e4b\u3002\u5c31\u986f\u73fe\u70ba\u672c\u57fa(ye&#8217;i gzhi)\u4e4b\u89d2\u5ea6\u800c\u8a00,\u963f\u8cf4\u8036\u7121\u8ad6\u4f55\u6642\u5373\u8207\u7121\u660e\u540c\u6642\u73fe\u8d77;\u5c31\u5176\u4f5c\u70ba\u7a2e\u7a2e\u7fd2\u6c23\u4e4b\u6839\u672c\u800c\u8a00,\u963f\u8cf4\u8036\u986f\u73fe\u70ba\u4e0d\u540c\u4e4b\u660e\u76f8\u8207\u5149\u83ef;\u5c31\u5176\u65bc\u5fc3\u4e0a\u6210\u70ba\u7fd2\u6c23\u4e4b\u6839\u672c\u800c\u8a00,\u963f\u8cf4\u8036\u986f\u73fe\u70ba\u7a2e\u7a2e\u8b58\u805a\u53ca\u5fc3\u6240;\u5c31\u5176\u65bc\u8eab\u4e0a\u6210\u70ba\u7fd2\u6c23\u4e4b\u6839\u672c\u800c\u8a00,\u963f\u8cf4\u8036\u986f\u73fe\u70ba\u8eab\u3002\u95dc\u65bc\u9019\u56db\u7a2e\u963f\u8cf4\u8036\u7684\u8a0e\u8ad6,\u53ef\u53c3Herbert Guenther, Meditation Differently: Phenomenological-psychological Aspects of Tibetan Buddhist (Mah\u0101mudr\u0101 and sNying-thig) Practices from Original Tibetan Sources, Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass Publishers, 1992, \u9801110-111 ;\u53e6\u898bGermano &amp; Waldron\u4e0a\u63ed\u6587,\u980155-63\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff\" href=\"#_ftnref41\" name=\"_ftn41\">[41]<\/a> <\/span>\u9700\u6ce8\u610f\u6b64\u70ba\u53e3\u8a23\u90e8\u8a9e\u5883\u4e0b\u7684\u963f\u8cf4\u8036\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u540c\u65bc\u5927\u8eca\u758f\u4e2d\u6240\u8a00\u4e4b\u7a2e\u7a2e\u7fd2\u6c23\u963f\u8cf4\u8036\uff0c\u4ea6\u5373\u7121\u8a18\u4e4b\u7fd2\u6c23\u5730\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff\" href=\"#_ftnref42\" name=\"_ftn42\">[42]<\/a> <\/span>\u5676\u746a\u5df4\u81ea\u751f\u91d1\u525b\u4ea6\u9020\u6709\u4e00\u8ad6\u53ef\u8207\u8a72\u8ad6\u4e92\u76f8\u53c3\u7814\uff0c\u540d\u70ba\u300a\u8b58\u667a\u8fa8\u5225\u8ad6\u300b\uff08rNam shes ye shes &#8216;byed pa&#8217;i bstan bcos\uff09\uff0c\u6536\u4e0a\u5f15\u300a\u81ea\u751f\u91d1\u525b\u6587\u96c6\u300b\u7b2c\u4e03\u51fd\uff0c\u9801275-282\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff\" href=\"#_ftnref43\" name=\"_ftn43\">[43]<\/a><\/span>\u85cf\u6587\uff1akun gzhi \u2019khor \u2019das kun gyi gzhi yin te \/ rnyog ma can gyi chu dang khad par med \/ bag la nyal gyi gti mug mgo rmongs nas \/ ye shes rig pa\u2019i dangs cha lkog tu gyur \/ chos sku rnyod ma dangs pa\u2019i chu dang \u2019dra \/ glo bur dri ma spangs pa\u2019i bdag nyid can \/ rnam grol yon tan kun gyi ngo bo ste \/ phyin chad \u2019khrul mi shes pa\u2019i ye shes yin \/ de phyir chu dang rnyog ma phye ba bzhin \/ lung ma bstan gyi cha las ldog pa yin \/ rang rig chos sku\u2019i klong du btsan su zung \/ ye shes dri med dbyings la ltad mo ltos \/\/ \u89c1\u5fb7\u683c\u7248\u300a\u65e0\u754f\u6d32\u4e5d\u51fd\u6587\u96c6\u300b\uff08<em>\u2019Jigs med gling pa pod dgu<\/em>\uff09\uff0cSikkim: Gangtok, 1985\u5e74\uff0c\u7b2c8\u51fd\uff0c\u9801386-387\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff\" href=\"#_ftnref44\" name=\"_ftn44\">[44]<\/a><\/span>\u6467\u9b54\u6d32\u4e0a\u63ed\u66f8, p. 165\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff\" href=\"#_ftnref45\" name=\"_ftn45\">[45]<\/a><\/span>\u6467\u9b54\u6d32\u4e0a\u63ed\u66f8, p. 218-219\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff\" href=\"#_ftnref46\" name=\"_ftn46\">[46]<\/a> <\/span>\u5176\u4e2d\u5305\u62ec\u6649\u7f8e\u5f6d\u63aa\u5c0a\u8005\uff08&#8217;Jigs med phun tshogs, 1932-2004\uff09\u6240\u9020\u4e4b\u300a\u76f4\u6307\u5fc3\u6027\u7565\u7fa9\u2022\u958b\u555f\u6df1\u7fa9\u767e\u9580\u4e4b\u9470\u300b\uff08Sems ngo mdzub btsugs kyi gdams pa&#8217;i bsdus don zab don sgo brgya &#8216;byed pa&#8217;i lde mig\uff09\u3001\u300a\u76f4\u6307\u5fc3\u6027\u91cb\u2022\u53e3\u8a23\u5eab\u85cf\u300b\uff08Sems ngo mdzub btsugs kyi &#8216;grel pa man ngag gter gyi mdzod khang\uff09\u3001\u4e39\u8c9d\u65fa\u65ed\u5c0a\u8005\uff08bsTan pa&#8217;i dbang phyug, 1938-\uff09\u6240\u9020\u4e4b\u300a\u5177\u8b49\u9577\u8001\u200b\u200b\u76f4\u6307\u5fc3\u6027\u7b46\u9304\u300b\uff08rTogs ldan rgan po rnams kyi lugs sems ngo mdzub tshugs kyi zin bris\uff09\u3001\u767d\u746a\u683c\u6851\u5c0a\u8005\uff08Padma skal bzang, 1943-\uff09\u6240\u9020\u4e4b\u300a\u6587\u6b8a\u6019\u4e3b\u4e0d\u6557\u5c0a\u8005\u4e4b\u5927\u5713\u6eff\u76f4\u6307\u5fc3\u6027\u6559\u6388\u8981\u9ede\u91cb\u2022\u6cd5\u738b\u4e0a\u5e2b\u767d\u746a\u683c\u6851\u53e3\u50b3\u300b\uff08&#8217;Jam mgon mi pham rgya mtsho&#8217;i gsung rdzogs pa chen po sems ngo mdzub tshugs kyi gdams pa &#8216;i gnad &#8216;grol chos rje bla ma skal bzang gi zhal rgyun\uff09\uff0c\u6b64\u5916\u9802\u679c\u6b3d\u54f2\uff08Dil mgo mkhyen brtse, 1910-1991\uff09\u6709\u4e00\u53e3\u982d\u8b1b\u91cb\uff0c\u5df2\u8b6f\u70ba\u82f1\u6587\uff0c\u6536\u300aThe Collected Works of Dilgo khyentse\u300b\u7b2c\u4e09\u5377\uff0c\u9801672-692\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff\" href=\"#_ftnref47\" name=\"_ftn47\">[47]<\/a> <\/span>\u4ea6\u8b6f\u70ba\u7e3d\u9ad4\u3001\u5168\u5206,\u4ee5\u53ca\u5206\u5225\u6240\u4f9d\u4e4b\u7e3d\u57fa\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff\" href=\"#_ftnref48\" name=\"_ftn48\">[48]<\/a><\/span> \u4f9d\u8ac7\u932b\u6c38\u8b6f\uff0c\u300a\u5bf6\u6027\u8ad6\u68b5\u672c\u65b0\u8b6f\u300b\uff0c\u53f0\u5317\uff1a\u5168\u4f5b\u6587\u5316\uff0c2006\u5e74\uff0cp. 208\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff\" href=\"#_ftnref49\" name=\"_ftn49\">[49]<\/a><\/span> \u95dc\u65bc\u5c07khams\uff08dh\u0101tu\uff09\u8b6f\u70ba\u201c\u4f5b\u6027\u201d\u4e4b\u56e0\u7531\uff0c\u8ac7\u932b\u6c38\u4e0a\u5e2b\u65bc\u5176\u300a\u5bf6\u6027\u8ad6\u68b5\u672c\u65b0\u8b6f\u300b\u4e2d\u6709\u660e\u6670\u4e4b\u89e3\u91cb\uff0c\u53c3\u8ac7\u932b\u6c38\u4e0a\u63ed\u66f8\uff0cp. 24\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff\" href=\"#_ftnref50\" name=\"_ftn50\">[50]<\/a><\/span> \u6b64\u8655\u6240\u5f15\u85cf\u6587\u70ba\u5048\u980c\u9ad4\uff0c\u5c0d\u61c9\u5730\u5a46\u8a36\u7f85\u6f22\u8b6f\u4e4b\u300a\u5927\u4e58\u5bc6\u56b4\u7d93\u300b\uff08\u5927\u6b63\u7b2c\u5341\u516d\u518a\uff0cNo. 0681\uff09\u4e2d\u76f8\u95dc\u6bb5\u843d\u70ba\u9577\u884c\uff1a<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000\"> \u8af8\u4ec1\u8005\uff0c\u4e00\u5207\u773e\u751f\u963f\u8cf4\u8036\u8b58\uff0c\u672c\u4f86\u800c\u6709\u5713\u6eff\u6e05\u6de8\uff0c\u51fa\u904e\u65bc\u4e16\u540c\u65bc\u6d85\u69c3\u3002\u8b6c\u5982\u660e\u6708\u73fe\u773e\u570b\u571f\uff0c\u4e16\u9593\u4e4b\u4eba\u898b\u6709\u8667\u76c8\uff0c\u800c\u6708\u9ad4\u6027\u672a\u5617\u589e\u6e1b\uff1b\u85cf\u8b58\u4ea6\u723e\uff0c\u666e\u73fe\u4e00\u5207\u773e\u751f\u754c\u4e2d\uff0c\u6027\u5e38\u5713\u6f54\u4e0d\u589e\u4e0d\u6e1b\u3002\u7121\u667a\u4e4b\u4eba\u5984\u751f\u8a08\u8457\uff1b\u82e5\u6709\u65bc\u6b64\u80fd\u6b63\u4e86\u77e5\uff0c\u5373\u5f97\u7121\u6f0f\u8f49\u4f9d\u5dee\u5225\u3002\u6b64\u5dee\u5225\u6cd5\u5f97\u8005\u751a\u96e3\uff01\u5982\u6708\u5728\u96f2\u4e2d\u6027\u6046\u660e\u6f54\uff0c\u85cf\u8b58\u4ea6\u723e\uff0c\u65bc\u8f49\u8b58\u5883\u754c\u7fd2\u6c23\u4e4b\u4e2d\u800c\u5e38\u6e05\u6de8\u3002\u5982\u6cb3\u4e2d\u6709\u6728\u96a8\u6d41\u6f02\u8f49\uff0c\u800c\u6728\u8207\u6d41\u9ad4\u76f8\u5404\u5225\uff1b\u85cf\u8b58\u4ea6\u723e\uff0c\u8af8\u8b58\u7fd2\u6c23\u96d6\u5e38\u9918\u4ff1\u4e0d\u70ba\u6240\u96dc\u3002\u8af8\u4ec1\u8005\uff0c\u963f\u8cf4\u8036\u8b58\u6046\u8207\u4e00\u5207\u67d3\u6de8\u4e4b\u6cd5\u800c\u4f5c\u6240\u4f9d\uff0c\u662f\u8af8\u8056\u4eba\u73fe\u6cd5\u6a02\u4f4f\u4e09\u6627\u4e4b\u5883\uff0c\u4eba\u5929\u7b49\u8da3\u3001\u8af8\u4f5b\u570b\u571f\u6089\u4ee5\u70ba\u56e0\uff0c\u5e38\u8207\u8af8\u4e58\u800c\u4f5c\u7a2e\u6027\uff0c\u82e5\u80fd\u4e86\u609f\u5373\u6210\u4f5b\u9053\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff\" href=\"#_ftnref51\" name=\"_ftn51\">[51]<\/a> <\/span>\u6b64\u6bb5\u5f15\u6587\u7cfb\u300a\u5bf6\u6027\u8ad6\u300b\u7b2c154\u980c\uff0c\u4f9d\u8ac7\u932b\u6c38\u8b6f\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u539f\u6587\u6536\u5165\u300a\u5927\u559c\u6a02\u8207\u5927\u5713\u6eff &#8211; \u6176\u795d\u8ac7\u932b\u6c38\u5148\u751f\u516b\u5341\u83ef\u8a95\u6f22\u85cf\u4f5b\u5b78\u7814\u7a76\u8ad6\u96c6\u300b &#8211; \u694a\u6770 \u4e00 \u7121\u8ad6\u7814\u7a76\u5370\u85cf\u4f5b\u5b78\u9084\u662f\u6f22\u85cf\u4f5b\u5b78\uff0c\u201c\u963f\u8cf4\u8036\u201d\uff08\u0101laya\uff09\u90fd\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u8ff4\u907f\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u91cd\u8981\u8a71\u984c\uff0c\u5728\u6574\u500b\u4f5b\u6559\u9ad4\u7cfb\u7684\u50b3\u627f\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u5167\u6db5\u5f9e\u6700\u521d\u7684\u7c21\u55ae\u5b9a\u7fa9\u9010\u6b65\u5f97\u5230\u6df1\u5316\u548c\u5ef6\u5c55\uff0c\u4e26\u5f15\u767c\u4e86\u6b77\u4ee3\u8ad6\u5e2b\u6301\u7e8c\u7684\u8a0e\u8ad6\u8207\u8faf\u8acd\u3002\u672c\u6587\u9996\u5148\u5c0d\u963f\u8cf4\u8036\u8b58\u5b78\u8aaa\u7684\u8d77\u6e90\u3001\u767c\u5c55\u4ee5\u53ca\u76f8\u95dc\u8a6e\u91cb\u4f5c\u7c21\u8981\u4ecb\u7d39\uff0c\u800c\u5f8c\u901a\u904e\u6574\u7406\u752f\u746a\u6d3e\u65e9\u671f\u6587\u737b\u4ee5\u53ca\u5f8c\u7e8c\u76f8\u95dc\u91cd\u8981\u4e0a\u5e2b\u7684\u95e1\u91cb\uff0c\u7cfb\u7d71\u4ecb\u7d39\u85cf\u50b3\u4f5b\u6559\u752f\u746a\u6d3e\uff08rnying ma pa\uff09\u5c0d\u963f\u8cf4\u8036\u8207\u963f\u8cf4\u8036\u8b58\uff08\u0101laya-vij\u00f1\u0101na\uff09\u7684\u5224\u5225\uff0c\u53ca\u5176\u5c0d\u963f\u8cf4\u8036\u4e4b\u4e0d\u5171\u5b89\u7acb\uff0c\u4e26\u901a\u904e\u5c0d\u7121\u754f\u6d32\uff08&#8217;Jigs med gling pa, 1730-1798\uff09\u3001\u6467\u9b54\u6d32\uff08bDud &#8216; joms gling pa, 1835-1904\uff09\u548c\u4e0d\u6557\u5c0a\u8005\uff08Mi pham rgya mtsho, 1846-1911\uff09\u76f8\u95dc\u8457\u4f5c\u7684\u6aa2\u8996\uff0c\u986f\u660e\u752f\u746a\u6d3e\u5c0d\u963f\u8cf4\u8036\u8207\u6cd5\u8eab\u7684\u8fa8\u5225\uff0c\u4e14\u5448\u73fe\u9019\u4e00\u8fa8\u5225\u5c0d\u6b62\u89c0\u5be6\u4fee\u7684\u5177\u9ad4\u610f\u7fa9\u3002\u70ba\u4fbf\u8b80\u8005\u53c3\u8003\uff0c\u7b46\u8005\u5c07\u9f8d\u9752\u5df4\uff08Klong chen rab &#8216;byams pa, 1308-1364\uff09\u4e4b\u300a\u5927\u8eca\u758f\u300b\uff08Shing rta chen po\uff09\u76f8\u95dc\u6bb5\u843d\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e0d\u6557\u5c0a\u8005\u4e4b\u300a\u76f4\u6307\u5fc3\u6027\u300b\uff08Sems ngo mdzub tshugs\uff09\u5168\u6587\u8b6f\u51fa\uff0c\u96a8\u9644\u65bc\u6587\u5f8c\u3002 \u4e8c \u201c\u963f\u8cf4\u8036\u201d\u4e00\u8a5e\u4f86\u6e90\u751a\u65e9\uff0c\u300a\u963f\u542b\u7d93\u300b\u7d93\u4e2d\u5373\u5df2\u51fa\u73fe\uff0c\u963f\u6bd8\u9054\u78e8\u5178\u7c4d\u4e2d\u4ea6\u52a0\u4ee5\u6cbf\u7528\uff0c\u800c\u76f4\u81f3\u745c\u4f3d\u884c\u7cfb\u5217\u7d93\u8ad6\u624d\u958b\u59cb\u4f7f\u7528\u201c\u963f\u8cf4\u8036\u8b58\u201d\u4e00\u8a5e\u3002\u95dc\u65bc\u65e9\u671f\u963f\u8cf4\u8036\u548c\u963f\u8cf4\u8036\u8b58\u5b78\u8aaa\u7684\u8d77\u6e90\u8207\u6d41\u8b8a\uff0c\u7b46\u8005\u5c07\u4f9d\u6b21\u5c31\u300a\u963f\u542b\u7d93\u300b\u3001\u90e8\u6d3e\u4f5b\u6559\u8ad6\u66f8\u548c\u745c\u4f3d\u884c\u7d93\u8ad6\u4e2d\u7684\u76f8\u95dc\u95e1\u91cb\uff0c\u7c21\u8981\u5730\u6574\u7406\u5176\u9593\u7684\u8108\u7d61\u3002 1\u3001\u300a\u963f\u542b\u7d93\u300b\u4e2d\u5c0d\u963f\u8cf4\u8036\u7684\u89e3\u8aaa \u963f\u8cf4\u8036\u8b58\u6700\u65e9\u7531\u745c\u4f3d\u884c\u6d3e\u5efa\u7acb\uff0c\u4f46\u5b78\u754c\u5df2\u660e\u78ba\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\u201c\u963f\u8cf4\u8036\u201d\u4e00\u8a5e\u65e9\u5728\u963f\u542b\u6642\u4ee3\u5c31\u5df2\u51fa\u73fe\uff0c\u7121\u8457\uff08Asa\u1e47ga\uff09\u5728\u300a\u651d\u5927\u4e58\u8ad6\u300b\uff08Mah\u0101y\u0101nasa\u1e43graha\uff09\u4e2d\u66fe\u63d0\u5230[1]\uff1a \u5fa9\u6b21\u8072\u805e\u4e58\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ea6\u4ee5\u7570\u9580\u5bc6\u610f\u5df2\u8aaa\u963f\u8cf4\u8036\u8b58\u3002\u5982\u5f7c\u300a\u589e\u58f9\u963f\u7b08\u6469\u300b\u8aaa\uff1a\u201c\u4e16\u9593\u773e\u751f\u611b\u963f\u8cf4\u8036\uff0c\u6a02\u963f\u8cf4\u8036\uff0c\u6b23\u963f\u8cf4\u8036\uff0c\u6199\u963f\u8cf4\u8036\u3002\u70ba\u65b7\u5982\u662f\u963f\u8cf4\u8036\u6545\uff0c\u8aaa\u6b63\u6cd5\u6642\u606d\u656c\u651d\u8033\u3002\u4f4f\u6c42\u89e3\u5fc3\uff0c\u6cd5\u96a8\u6cd5\u884c\u3002\u5982\u4f86\u51fa\u4e16\u5982\u662f\u751a\u5947\uff0c\u5e0c\u6709\u6b63\u6cd5\u51fa\u73fe\u4e16\u9593\u3002\u201d\u65bc\u8072\u805e\u4e58\u300a\u5982\u4f86\u51fa\u73fe\u56db\u5fb7\u7d93\u300b\u4e2d\uff0c\u7531\u6b64\u7570\u9580\u5bc6\u610f\uff0c\u5df2\u986f\u963f\u8cf4\u8036\u8b58\u3002[2] \u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u5f15\u6587\u4e26\u7121\u5c0d\u61c9\u6f22\u8b6f\uff0c\u5f8c\u7d93\u65e5\u672c\u5b78\u8005\u6708\u8f2a\u8ce2\u9686\u7684\u6bd4\u5c0d\u8003\u8b49\uff0c\u8a72\u5f15\u6587\u76f8\u7576\u65bc\u5df4\u5229\u4e09\u85cf\u300a\u589e\u4e00\u963f\u542b\u300b\uff08Ekottarik\u0101gama\uff09&lt;\u56db\u6cd5\u54c1&gt;\u7b2c128\u7d93[3]\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u611b\u963f\u8cf4\u8036\u3001\u6a02\u963f\u8cf4\u8036\u3001\u6b23\u963f\u8cf4\u8036\u5206\u5225\u5c0d\u0101laya-\u0101r\u0101ma\u3001\u0101laya-rata\u548c\u0101laya-sa\u1e43mudita[4] 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\u0101laya\u4e00\u8a5e\u7531\u52d5\u8a5e\u8a5e\u6839l\u012b\u548c\u8868\u201c\u9760\u8fd1\u3001\u8da8\u8fd1\u201d\u7684\u524d\u7db4\u0101\u7d44\u6210\uff0c\u518d\u7d93\u540d\u8a5e\u5316\u800c\u6210\u0101laya\uff0c\u53c3\u8003\u300aPali-English Dictionary\u300b\uff0c\u8a72\u8a5e\u5177\u4e8c\u7fa9\uff0c\u672c\u7fa9\u70ba\u201c\u68f2\u606f\u8655\u3001\u9ce5\u5de2\u3001\u4f4f\u5c45\u3001\u623f\u5c4b\u201d\uff0c\u5f15\u7533\u7fa9\u70ba\u201c\u57f7\u8457\u3001\u617e\u671b\u201d\uff0c\u9673\u4e00\u6a19\u65bc\u5176\u300a\u6709\u95dc\u963f\u8cf4\u8036\u8b58\u8a9e\u7fa9\u7684\u8b8a\u9077\u300b\u4e00\u6587\u4e2d\u901a\u904e\u6bd4\u7167\u300a\u4e2d\u963f\u542b\u300b\u53ca\u300a\u9577\u963f\u542b\u300b\u76f8\u95dc\u7d93\u5178\uff0c\u6307\u51fa\u300a\u963f\u542b\u7d93\u300b\u4e2d\u51fa\u73fe\u7684\u963f\u8cf4\u8036\u5927\u591a\u91c7\u7528\u7684\u662f\u4e0a\u8ff0\u4e4b\u5f15\u7533\u7fa9\uff0c\u4ea6\u5373\u57f7\u8457\u3001\u611b\u8457\u4e4b\u610f[5]\u3002 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